Background: Past studies on mindsets have mostly examined them as an individual difference variable. However, the mindset-by-context framework argues that mindsets do not occur within a vacuum, and their successful implementation depends on the social context. One of the most important social contexts for students is the socioeconomic conditions…

This study aims to discover the best appropriate model to explain reading success of academically gifted students through the ecological model. Three models (i.e., Model 1, Model 2, and Model 3) were created by using three layers of the ecological model to investigate the ecological background of reading success. In line with the literature, seven…

Students make trade-offs between time spent learning and on digital leisure outside of school. Those who spend too much time on digital leisure outside of school spend less time on homework, are less involved with learning at school and less motivated to learn. Their mathematics performance, sense of belonging at school and overall life…

Creativity is a critical skill for problem-solving and innovation, yet its development is influenced by cultural and educational contexts. This study examines pathways to student creativity using data from 15-year-old students in Australia and Thailand who participated in PISA 2022. A structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was employed to…

This policy paper examines how much time 15-year-old students dedicate to digital leisure outside of school and explores the relationship between digital leisure and students' learning outcomes and well-being at school. The paper finds that when digital leisure takes place outside school hours, it is only after 4 hours a day that the relationships…

The gender difference in reading achievement in favor of adolescent girls is a robust finding in the literature, but the evidence is mixed when considering younger children. The present study followed the development of reading skills among Finnish children (N = 1867) from kindergarten age (6 years) to 18 years of age to determine the onset of…

Teachers have come under increased pressure to improve educational outcomes as Australia has sought to meet the challenges of competing on an international level. This intensified pressure has been accompanied by improved levels of funding, a National Curriculum for all Australian states, and territories, along with assessments to measure these…

Background: The transition from lower-secondary to upper-secondary education marks a critical period for adolescents that impacts their academic achievement. Objective: Based on Positive Youth Development (PYD) framework, we examined associations between math achievement as measured by PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) and PYD…