Student online learning readiness (SOLR) has been identified as being closely associated with the success of learning in online environments. Online learning orientations have also been used as a key intervention to support students. However, the evaluation practice and research of online learning orientation design are limited. This research…

Due to the different rates of learning expressed by greatly differing students, a recent educational trend has developed that responds to different learner needs through the introduction of programed or individualized instruction. The consequence of the use of instructional packets is that the learners must frequently teach themselves while…