Operational analysis is defined as a part of formative evaluation, taking place while a course is in progress. Student-perceived problems, as reflected by student-initiated reports, are the source of data for this phase of formative evaluation. The self-reporting techniques can reveal individual differences in student/learning-environment…

Counselors working with students from South Africa need to be aware that the system of apartheid has created separate and unequal societies resulting in major differences in student educational, cultural, political and other backgrounds. In addition, counselors need to be aware of individual differences as well as differences in how people cope…