This article outlines the development of a 16-item instrument for measuring language learner's foreign language self-efficacy (SE) concerning their speaking and listening skills through repeated administrations to groups of Japanese tertiary students. Responses were analysed through the Rasch model, which allows researchers to investigate…

Self-regulation skill is the ability of an individual to plan, monitor, evaluate, and modify their learning process when necessary. It is highly important in foreign language learning because learning a language requires long-term motivation, discipline, and a strategic approach. This study aims to determine the level of high school students' use…

This study examined the factors adapted from the Motivation for Reading Questionnaire. We considered eight dimensions (Self-Efficacy, Reading Challenge, Reading Curiosity, Reading Involvement, Importance of Reading, Recognition for Reading, Reading for Grades, and Social Reasons for Reading). In addition, we included some items based on the…

Anticipatory "it" pattern, which encodes interpersonal stance, plays a crucial role in academic writing. While previous studies have been explored the overuse and the underuse of this pattern among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners and published writers, there has been limited exploration of how EFL learners use the…

From the complex dynamic systems theory perspective, evaluating CALL pedagogy involves miscellaneous variables. It seems the ecosystem of the CALL environment necessitates an array of extralinguistic (Ecolinguistically situated) issues to be considered in any appraisal of the CALL milieu. To this end, this paper aims to develop and validate a…

This study presents essential findings that would be advantageous to the designers and practitioners of Language Massive Open Online Courses (LMOOCs). It reveals the key elements that contribute to successful LMOOCs, and how they are influenced by English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' personal characteristics (gender, age, and opened to…

The three-dimensional (i.e. affective, behavioural, and cognitive) conceptualisation of student engagement has been the prevalent framework for understanding student engagement, but most existing research has focussed on general, rather than subject-specific, student engagement. The present study tested the psychometric properties of a measure of…

Written inquiries, which are more frequent and have less of a focus on complex thinking, are issues at school. Students are not taught how to respond to questions found in High-Level Thinking Skills (HOTS) tests, hence, their thinking abilities are generally weak. The issue for teachers is that neither they nor anyone else has been able to create…

This study diverges from conventional psychological perspectives that often concentrate on language learning deficiencies necessitating remedial interventions. Instead, it emphasizes the pivotal role of positive psychological constructs in facilitating optimal language development, particularly in contexts characterized by limited exposure to…

Willingness to Communicate (WTC) plays a crucial role in developing students' speaking proficiency in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning. This study investigates whether students' in-class WTC can be enhanced through an AI-supported program and explores their perceptions of using the AI for future academic speaking development. A…

This paper explores differences in 437 learners' "foreign language classroom anxiety" (FLCA) in in-person and online English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classes before the outbreak of the pandemic and during the first lockdown in spring 2020. Statistical analyses of data gathered with a web survey revealed a slight, yet significant drop…

This article describes the development of a new questionnaire for assessing L2 learners' language attitudes. Drawing on theoretical work in the fields of social psychology and applied linguistics, the author reviewed the concept of (language) attitudes and contrasted them with the concept of (language) motivation. This thorough literature review,…

Anxiety has a significant effect on oral communication, particularly when it occurs in the form of a public address. The quality of a public academic speaker's oral presentation may highly be determined by a variety of emotive elements. However, this has received much too little attention in the realm of academic dissertation oral defense…

The purpose of this study was to find the effect of English Language Teachers' Methodology (ELTM) on the Career Growth (CG) of the Saudi students. In order to provide a solid basis for this research study, a cross-sectional-descriptive research design was employed. For scale development and tool standardization, inter-class correlation…

This study attempts to investigate how four groups of participants at Tra Vinh University perceive oral fluency. This study is conducted in the hope to obtain more perceptions of oral fluency so future rubrics can be developed based on such perceptions. The study used a set of items stating what oral fluency should be like, which was developed…