The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) chatbots has created opportunities and challenges for higher education. Extant scholarship has explored GenAI's capabilities and topics involving teachers' and students' perceptions of these tools. However, there is limited research exploring (1) whether second language (L2) learners…

This study investigates the effectiveness of teacher, AI-generated, and hybrid teacher-AI feedback on university students' English writing performance in Hong Kong. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research examines the impact of different feedback types on student motivation, feedback quality, and essay revisions. A total of 1,267 students…

ChatGPT can promptly reformulate a text and improve its quality in content and form while preserving the original meaning. Yet, little is known about how learners respond to such reformulations. Here, we employed a three-stage writing task (composing-comparison-rewriting) to investigate how learners notice, integrate, and perceive ChatGPT's…

Cognitive and affective factors play crucial roles in shaping learners' attitudes towards generative artificial intelligence (GenAI). However, the synergistic influence of language attitude and emotions, including foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) on struggling EFL learners' GenAI attitudes remains…

Corrective feedback plays a critical role in enhancing writing skills among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners, but large class sizes often hinder the provision of personalized feedback. Generative AI tools such as ChatGPT have emerged as promising solutions that offer immediate and individualized feedback for writing. This study…

Recently, AI writing assistance tools have emerged as pivotal aids in addressing L2 learners' writing challenges. With this emergence, this qualitative study delves into the perceptions of Thai EFL learners regarding the utilization of AI writing assistance tools. A total of ten Thai non-English-major undergraduates were interviewed to explore…

Artificial intelligence (AI) has profoundly impacted education, yet its influence on Chinese language education remains underexplored. This study investigates the distinct latent profiles of Chinese as a foreign language learners in Malaysia regarding their beliefs and engagement in AI-assisted Chinese learning. Using latent profile analysis,…

This study explores student-initiated translanguaging in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context, particularly with AI translation tools, an area largely overlooked in favor of teacher-led approaches. Using a sequential explanatory mixed-method design, the research examined how 69 undergraduates at a Thai university, across various…

This research investigated the effects of generative AI on affective factors (motivation, interest, and confidence) of English as a foreign language (EFL) learners enrolled in Korean university-level general English courses. During the Spring 2024 semester, this study involved 89 participants exposed to a generative AI-based instruction model.…

This study explores ChatGPT affordances, students' use of prompts, and their perceptions of using the tool in EFL writing. With screen capture technology to observe students' interactions with ChatGPT during writing process and semi-structured interviews, the data were analysed using a collaborative reflective thematic analysis. The results…

The rapid growth of technology has penetrated the realm of education, reshaping old teaching philosophies and improving educational approaches. Notably, the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on English learning has become momentous. However, a critical issue is the lack of autonomy in AI-enabled English learning applications, leading to…

This study investigates the adoption and impact of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners, focusing on self-efficacy, motivation, and predicted exam performance. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combines survey data (N = 595) and interviews (N = 8) from Chinese university…

This study explored the effect of ChatGPT on the speaking self-efficacy level of English as foreign language learners. The research followed the mixed method approach and involved a total of 65 participants who were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group used the ChatGPT for communicative activities, while…

Artificial agents, such as voice-controlled conversational agents (VCAs) built into smart devices, are becoming more prevalent in daily and educational contexts, enhancing the possibility of using them as language partners. However, research has primarily focused on the cognitive or affective outcomes of using these agents, overlooking questions…

The benefits of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in enhancing second language (L2) learning are well established. However, these advantages can only be realised if learners are willing to adopt the technology. This study, grounded in the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), investigated the factors influencing the behavioural intention to…