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Direct linkKalinowski, Steven T.; Willoughby, Shannon – Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2019
We present a multiple-choice test, the Montana State University Formal Reasoning Test (FORT), to assess college students' scientific reasoning ability. The test defines scientific reasoning to be equivalent to formal operational reasoning. It contains 20 questions divided evenly among five types of problems: control of variables, hypothesis…
Descriptors: Science Tests, Test Construction, Science Instruction, Introductory Courses
Peer reviewedTanner, R.; Trown, E. Anne – British Journal of Educational Psychology, 1979
Mathematical tasks calling for relational thinking were given to 60 children of Indian, Pakistani, or Bangladeshi origin who had spent their school lives in England, 60 who had arrived within the past 3 years, and 60 British children. Differences in the ability to abstract, hypothesize, and generalize were studied. (KC)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Adolescents, Children, Cognitive Processes
