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Direct linkJak, Suzanne; Oort, Frans J.; Dolan, Conor V. – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2013
We present a test for cluster bias, which can be used to detect violations of measurement invariance across clusters in 2-level data. We show how measurement invariance assumptions across clusters imply measurement invariance across levels in a 2-level factor model. Cluster bias is investigated by testing whether the within-level factor loadings…
Descriptors: Statistical Bias, Measurement, Structural Equation Models, Hierarchical Linear Modeling
