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Arpaci, Sümeyye; Mercan, Fatih Çaglayan; Arikan, Serkan – Education and Information Technologies, 2021
The aim of this study was to explore the differential relationships between students' science performance and their ICT availability, ICT use, and attitudes toward ICT based on the data from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 across the countries and regions including South/ Latin America, Europe, and Asia and Pacific.…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Secondary School Students, Achievement Tests, International Assessment
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Wang, Wen-Chung; Chen, Hui-Fang; Jin, Kuan-Yu – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2015
Many scales contain both positively and negatively worded items. Reverse recoding of negatively worded items might not be enough for them to function as positively worded items do. In this study, we commented on the drawbacks of existing approaches to wording effect in mixed-format scales and used bi-factor item response theory (IRT) models to…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Test Format, Language Usage, Test Items