This note demonstrates that measurement invariance does not guarantee meaningful and valid group comparisons in multiple-population settings. The article follows on a recent critical discussion by Robitzsch and Lüdtke, who argued that measurement invariance was not a pre-requisite for such comparisons. Within the framework of common factor…

The Vocational Identity Status Assessment (VISA) is one of the instruments that can be used to assess vocational identity. Conceptually, VISA consists of six sub-dimensions and has been validated using factor analysis. This study provides a factor structure test of the Indonesian version of VISA using the exploratory structural equation modeling…

Latent change score (LCS) models are a powerful class of structural equation modeling that allows researchers to work with latent difference scores that minimize measurement error. LCS models define change as a function of prior status, which makes it well-suited for modeling developmental theories or processes. In LCS models, like other latent…

Longitudinal research is often interested in identifying correlates of heterogeneity in change. This paper compares three approaches for doing so: the mixed-effects model (latent growth curve model), the growth mixture model, and structural equation model trees. Each method is described, with special focus given to how each structures…

The social relations model (SRM) is very often used in psychology to examine the components, determinants, and consequences of interpersonal judgments and behaviors that arise in social groups. The standard SRM was developed to analyze cross-sectional data. Based on a recently suggested integration of the SRM with structural equation models (SEM)…

The main goal of the current paper was to determine the effects of perceived school climate dimensions (leadership, relationships, professional learning-teaching climate, safety, and physical environment) on students' learning performance in upper primary schools. Correlational design consisted of structural equation modeling with mediation…

Model evaluation is a crucial step in SEM, consisting of two broad areas: global and local fit, where local fit indices are use to modify the original model. In the modification process, the modification index (MI) and the standardized expected parameter change (SEPC) are used to select the parameters that can be added to improve the fit. The…

Model-Implied Instrumental Variable Two-Stage Least Squares (MIIV-2SLS) is a limited information, equation-by-equation, noniterative estimator for latent variable models. Associated with this estimator are equation-specific tests of model misspecification. One issue with equation-specific tests is that they lack specificity, in that they indicate…

We extended current knowledge by examining the performance of several Bayesian model fit and comparison indices through a simulation study using the confirmatory factor analysis. Our goal was to determine whether commonly implemented Bayesian indices can detect specification errors. Specifically, we wanted to uncover any differences in detecting…

Dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) is a useful technique for analyzing intensive longitudinal data. A challenge of applying DSEM is the missing data problem. The impact of missing data on DSEM, especially on widely applied DSEM such as the two-level vector autoregressive (VAR) cross-lagged models, however, is understudied. To fill the…

In factorial survey designs, respondents evaluate multiple short descriptions of social objects (vignettes) that experimentally vary different levels of attributes of interest. Analytical methods (including individual-level regression analysis and multilevel models) estimate the weights (or utilities) assigned to the levels of the different…

The multiple mechanisms of entrepreneurial intention are still an open issue, and few have explored whether the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and proactive personality is influenced by entrepreneurial passion. This study aims to reveal the mediation role of entrepreneurial passion between proactive personality and entrepreneurial…

Piecewise latent growth modeling (PLGM) is a class of longitudinal models using a structural equation modeling framework to describe stage-like, discontinuous change of individuals over time. PLGM breaks the overall time window into non-overlapped segments where separate functions can be fitted to represent differential growth patterns for each…

Given the recent attention to language-domain-specific grit in the field of SLA and the scarcity of research on the antecedents of L2 grit, we proposed a model that links L2 learners' basic psychological needs (BPN) (i.e. autonomy, competence, and relatedness), L2 grit (i.e. perseverance of effort (PE) and consistency of interest (CI)), and L2…

This study examined the relationship between demands, resources, meaningful work, and burnout of counselors-in-training. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that demands and resources significantly predicted burnout of counselors-in-training, whereas meaningful work did not mediate the relationship between resources and burnout.…