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Direct linkBulut, Okan; Quo, Qi; Gierl, Mark J. – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2017
Position effects may occur in both paper--pencil tests and computerized assessments when examinees respond to the same test items located in different positions on the test. To examine position effects in large-scale assessments, previous studies often used multilevel item response models within the generalized linear mixed modeling framework.…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Educational Assessment, Measurement, Test Items
