TWO WAYS OF DESCRIBING CLAUSES IN ENGLISH ARE DISCUSSED IN THIS PAPER. THE FIRST, TERMED THE "FEW-IC'S" APPROACH, IS A SEGMENTATION OF THE CLAUSE INTO A SMALL NUMBER OF IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENTS WHICH REQUIRE A LARGE NUMBER OF FURTHER SEGMENTATIONS BEFORE THE ULTIMATE CONSTITUENTS ARE REACHED. THE SECOND, "MANY-IC'S" APPROACH, IS A SEGMENTATION INTO…

In generating sentences by means of a transformational grammar, it is necessary to analyze trees, testing for the presence or absence of various structures. This analysis occurs at two stages in the generation process--during insertion of lexical items (more precisely, in testing contextual features), and during the transformation process, when…

TWO MODELS OF DESCRIPTION, GENERATIVE AND NONGENERATIVE, ARE APPLIED TO THE PHONOLOGY OF ITALIAN TO DETERMINE WHICH OF THE TWO OFFERS A SIMPLER YET MORE COMPREHENSIVE STATEMENT. THE NONGENERATIVE MODEL IS GIVEN IN A LISTING OF PHONEMES AND A BRIEF STATEMENT OF THE PHONOTACTICS AND ALLOPHONICS. THE GENERATIVE MODEL STATES THE FACTS IN 11 REWRITE…

The formal-functional contrastive analysis approach is suggested as an alternative to both the structural and the transformational contrastive approaches. A theoretical explanation and a practical contrastive technique for the formal-functional approach are given. (CJ)

This book is an attempt to argue that transformational grammar, as a theory of language, is misconceived. (Author)

The author feels that although the problem of pronominalization and of reference in general is at the very heart of syntactic investigation, transformational grammarians are unable to deal adequately with these problems. He finds their theory of referential indices (Chomsky, "Aspects of the Theory of Syntax") "completely beyond…

THIS PAPER PROPOSES SOME INSIGHTS INTO THE PROBLEMS FACED BY SOMEONE ABOUT TO EMBARK ON A GENERATIVE GRAMMAR OF AZERBAIJANI. IT IS NOT A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, BUT A SAMPLING OF IDEAS PERTINENT TO SUCH AN ANALYSIS. THE PROBLEMS DEALT WITH ARE (1) GRAMMATICAL DEPTH IN AZERBAIJANI BASED ON VICTOR YNGVE'S DEFINITION OF "DEPTH"--A NUMBER OF SENTENCES OF…

Use of "the language of observation" as a level of scientific discourse is exemplified. The formal properties of this language are characterized, and the derivability and feasibility of the axiomatic method as applied to it are considered. Also discussed are the theoretical and practical significance of this level with respect to various…

The individual components of language -- on the semantic, syntactic, and phonological levels -- mean little or nothing as individual constructs. Language research must proceed according to a concept of linguistic structure which reflects the correlation of elements within and between levels of structure. (VM)

Argues that verbal prefixes in Hungarian should not be assigned to a specific category of their own, but should be analyzed as belonging to the category of postpositions. (Author/AM)

This paper explores the interrelationship of syntax and semantics in two types of Verb-Verb construction in Mandarin, namely, resultative verb compounds and directional verb compounds. Evidence shows that resultative verbs are actually made up of different classes of Verb-Verb constructions, possessing specific semantic implications. (CHK)