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Schmäing, Till; Grotjohann, Norbert – Education Sciences, 2021
This paper presents students' word associations with terms regarding the Wadden Sea. A continuous free word-association method was used in which the students from secondary schools (n = 3119, average age: 13.54 years) reported their associations with the stimulus words "Wadden Sea," "mudflat hiking tour," and "tides"…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Stimuli, Vocabulary, Ecology
Gulacar, Ozcan; Sinan, Olcay; Bowman, Charles R.; Yildirim, Yetkin – Research in Science Education, 2015
A study is presented that explores how students' knowledge structures, as related to the scientific method, compare at different student ages. A word association test comprised of ten total stimulus words, among them "experiment," "science fair," and "hypothesis," is used to probe the students' knowledge structures.…
Descriptors: Scientific Methodology, Science Education, Word Lists, Stimuli

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