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David Ruiz Méndez – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2024
The aim of this study was to model a situation that induced choice between following two incompatible rules, each associated with a different rate of reinforcement. In Experiment 1, eight undergraduate students were exposed to a two-component multiple schedule (training). In each component, there was a concurrent variable interval (VI)-extinction…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Guidelines, Reinforcement, Undergraduate Students
Aulet, Lauren S.; Lourenco, Stella F. – Developmental Science, 2023
Accumulating evidence suggests that there is a spontaneous preference for numerical, compared to non-numerical (e.g., cumulative surface area), information. However, given a paucity of research on the perception of non-numerical magnitudes, it is unclear whether this preference reflects a specific bias towards number, or a general bias towards the…
Descriptors: Number Concepts, Mathematics Skills, Discrimination Learning, Preferences
Zaman, Jonas; Yu, Kenny; Lee, Jessica C. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
In the field of stimulus generalization, an old yet unresolved discussion pertains to what extent stimulus misidentifications contribute to the pattern of conditioned responding. In this article, we perform cluster analysis on six datasets (four published datasets and two unpublished datasets, included N = 950) to examine the relationship between…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Stimuli, Identification, Cognitive Processes
Jaffe-Dax, Sagi; Potter, Christine E.; Leung, Tiffany S.; Emberson, Lauren L.; Lew-Williams, Casey – Cognitive Science, 2023
Perception is not an independent, in-the-moment event. Instead, perceiving involves integrating prior expectations with current observations. How does this ability develop from infancy through adulthood? We examined how prior visual experience shapes visual perception in infants, children, and adults. Using an identical task across age groups, we…
Descriptors: Memory, Visual Perception, Infants, Children
Granerud, Guro; Arntzen, Erik – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2021
In the present study, two typically developing 4-year-old children, Pete and Joe, were trained six conditional discriminations and tested for the formation of three 3-member equivalence classes. Pete and Joe did not establish the AC relation within 600 trials and were given two conditions of preliminary training, including naming of stimuli with…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Discrimination Learning, Naming, Stimuli
Lovibond, Peter F.; Lee, Jessica C.; Hayes, Brett K. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Generalization of learning can arise from 2 distinct sources: failure to discriminate a novel test stimulus from the trained stimulus and active extrapolation from the trained stimulus to the test stimulus despite them being discriminable. We investigated these 2 processes in a predictive learning task by testing stimulus discriminability…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Discrimination Learning, Perception, Generalization
George, David N.; Oltean, Bianca P. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Learning to categorize perceptually similar stimuli can result in people becoming more sensitive to differences along perceptual dimensions that are relevant to category membership and/or less sensitive to equivalent differences along irrelevant perceptual dimensions. These effects of acquired distinctiveness and acquired equivalence may be caused…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, College Students, Associative Learning, Learning Processes
Lee, Jessica C.; Hayes, Brett K.; Lovibond, Peter F. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Two experiments tested whether a peak-shifted generalization gradient could be explained by the averaging of distinct gradients displayed in subgroups reporting different generalization rules. Across experiments using a causal judgment task (Experiment 1) and a fear conditioning paradigm (Experiment 2), we found a close concordance between…
Descriptors: Generalization, Associative Learning, Discrimination Learning, Learning Theories
Rieth, Sarah R.; Stahmer, Aubyn C.; Suhrheinrich, Jessica; Schreibman, Laura – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2015
Many individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) display stimulus overselectivity, wherein a subset of relevant components in a compound stimulus controls responding, which impairs discrimination learning. The original experimental research on stimulus overselectivity in ASD was conducted several decades ago; however, interventions for…
Descriptors: Children, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Stimuli
Feng, Hua; Chou, Wan-Chi; Lee, Gabrielle T. – Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 2017
This study investigated the effects of tact prompts on the acquisition and retention of divergent intraverbal responding to categorical questions involving conditional discriminations. A 6-year-old boy with autism participated in the study. A multiple probe design across behaviors was used. A tact-prompt procedure was implemented. The results…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Stimuli, Responses
Ingvarsson, Einar T.; Kramer, Rachel L.; Carp, Charlotte L.; Pétursdóttir, Anna I.; Macias, Heather – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2016
We evaluated the use of a blocked-trials procedure to establish complex stimulus control over intraverbal responses. The participants were four young boys with a diagnosis of autism who had struggled to master intraverbals. The blocked-trials procedures involved presentation of stimuli in separate trial blocks. The trial blocks gradually reduced…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Verbal Communication, Responses
Francis, Wendy S.; Strobach, E. Natalia; Penalver, Renee M.; Martínez, Michelle; Gurrola, Bianca V.; Soltero, Amaris – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Three source-memory experiments were conducted with Spanish-English bilinguals and monolingual English speakers matched on age, education, nonverbal cognitive ability and socioeconomic status. Bilingual language proficiency and dominance were assessed using standardized objective measures. In Experiment 1, source was manipulated visuo-spatially,…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Short Term Memory, Context Effect, Concept Formation
Redhead, Edward S.; Curtis, Cheryl – Learning and Motivation, 2013
Human contingency learning studies were used to compare the predictions of configural and elemental theories. In two experiments, participants were required to learn which stimuli were associated with an increase in core temperature of a fictitious nuclear plant. Experiments investigated the rate at which a simple negative patterning…
Descriptors: Discrimination Learning, Stimuli, Prediction, Learning Modalities
Grow, Laura L.; Kodak, Tiffany; Carr, James E. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2014
Previous research has demonstrated that the conditional-only method (starting with a multiple-stimulus array) is more efficient than the simple-conditional method (progressive incorporation of more stimuli into the array) for teaching receptive labeling to children with autism spectrum disorders (Grow, Carr, Kodak, Jostad, & Kisamore, 2011).…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Teaching Methods, Receptive Language
Rieth, Sarah R.; Stahmer, Aubyn C.; Suhrheinrich, Jessica; Schreibman, Laura – Grantee Submission, 2015
Many individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) display stimulus overselectivity, wherein a subset of relevant components in a compound stimulus controls responding, which impairs discrimination learning. The original experimental research on stimulus overselectivity in ASD was conducted several decades ago; however, interventions for…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Incidence, Stimuli