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Baron, Alan; Galizio, Mark – Behavior Analyst, 2005
Michael (1975) reviewed efforts to classify reinforcing events in terms of whether stimuli are added (positive reinforcement) or removed (negative reinforcement). He concluded that distinctions in these terms are confusing and ambiguous. Of necessity, adding a stimulus requires its previous absence and removing a stimulus its previous presence.…
Descriptors: Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Concept Formation, Correlation
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Smeets, Paul M.; Barnes-Holmes, Dermot; Roche, Bryan – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2001
Trained preschoolers and adults on three sets of successive discriminations with stimuli labeled A, B, and R. Tested for derived stimulus-response relations and stimulus-stimulus relations. Adults displayed class-consistent B-R and A-B performances over all conditions. Children's display of class-consistent B-R performance varied by training…
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Concept Formation, Discrimination Learning