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Similarities in Negative Priming between Persons with and Those without Mental Retardation of Equal Chronological Age.
Merrill, Edward C.; McCown, Steven M.; Kelley, Shirley – American Journal on Mental Retardation, 2001
Sixteen adolescents with mental retardation and 16 typical adolescents participated in a negative priming procedure in two experiments. Unlike previous studies, this study found that subjects exhibited inhibition under instructions to respond on the basis of stimulus identity in a manner similar to that of individuals without mental retardation.…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Cognitive Processes, Discrimination Learning, Mental Retardation
Aptitude by Treatment Interactions in Computer-Assisted Word Learning by Mentally Retarded Students.
Conners, Frances A. – American Journal on Mental Retardation, 1990
The investigation of interactions between the abilities of stimulus discrimination and simple learning and two instructional variables (discrimination difficulty and degree of overlearning) with 27 mentally retarded adolescents found an interaction between stimulus discrimination and the number of words presented at one time for learning…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Computer Assisted Instruction, Difficulty Level, Discrimination Learning
Iconic Memory Deficit of Mildly Mentally Retarded Individuals.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Hornstein, Henry A.; Mosley, James L. – American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 1987
Ten mildly retarded young adult males and nonretarded subjects matched for chronological age or mental age were required to recognize both verbal and nonverbal stimuli presented tachistoscopically. Results of a backward visual masking paradigm varying stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) indicated the retarded subjects performed poorer at the longest…
Descriptors: Discrimination Learning, Males, Mild Mental Retardation, Short Term Memory
Using Stimulus Equivalence Procedures to Teach Relationships between English and Spanish Words.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Joyce, Bonnie G.; And Others – Education and Treatment of Children, 1993
A stimulus equivalence procedure for the acquisition of English and Spanish words was evaluated with two adolescents having head injuries. Following training on one task, subjects attained and maintained high scores on all matching-to-sample tasks. Results suggest the procedure is effective for teaching foreign language skills to head-injured…
Descriptors: Discrimination Learning, Head Injuries, Instructional Effectiveness, Maintenance
Conditional versus Trial-Unique Delayed Matching-to-Sample.
Williams, Dean C.; Dube, William V.; Johnston, Mark D.; Saunders, Kathryn J. – American Journal on Mental Retardation, 1998
Two studies compared performance on conditional and trial-unique delayed identity matching-to-sample procedures with five subjects having moderate to severe mental retardation and four subjects with mild mental retardation. Across the studies, six of nine subjects showed lower delayed-matching accuracy when fewer rather than more stimuli were…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Discrimination Learning, Mild Mental Retardation, Objective Tests
A Comparison of Static and Dynamic Presentation Procedures on Discrimination Learning of Individuals with Severe or Moderate Mental Retardation.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Karsh, Kathryn G.; And Others – Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1994
Sixteen individuals (ages 7-18) with moderate or severe mental retardation were taught to identify 2 comparative discriminations by a static or dynamic presentation procedure. No differences in percentage of unprompted correct responses were found between the two procedures in training, generalization, or maintenance. (Author/JDD)
Descriptors: Discrimination Learning, Elementary Secondary Education, Generalization, Instructional Effectiveness
Stimulus Classes in Matching to Sample and Sequence Production: The Emergence of Numeric Relations.
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Maydak, Michael; And Others – Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1995
This study examined the matching and sequencing of quantities, numerals, and arbitrary forms by two individuals with mental retardation. Results showed that sequence training did not readily lead to new matching performances, unlike prior research with college students. Instead, training in matching to sample yielded emergent sequence production…
Descriptors: Classification, Cognitive Processes, Concept Formation, Developmental Disabilities
Attentional Functioning and Relational Learning.
Soraci, S. A., Jr.; And Others – American Journal on Mental Retardation, 1990
Children with mental retardation are particularly prone to failure on relational tasks such as oddity and match-to-sample, suggesting a differential sensitivity to relational information. This paper reports on several studies in which characteristics of stimulus arrays were enhanced. Results demonstrated the theoretical and practical significance…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Cognitive Development, Concept Formation, Discrimination Learning