A concise table is presented based on a general measure of magnitude of effect which allows direct determinations of statistical power over a practical range of values and alpha levels. The table also facilitates the setting of the research sample size needed to provide a given degree of power. (Author/CM)

Considered in this paper are a mathematical discussion and an algorithm, and a computer program for Fisher's test. (Author)

A procedure for testing heterogeneity of variance is developed which generalizes readily to complex, multi-factor experimental designs. Monte Carlo studies indicate that the Z-variance test statistic presented here yields results equivalent to other familiar tests for heterogeneity of variance in simple one-way designs where comparisons are…

Too often researchers rely upon the classical normal theory parametric tests to analyze non-normal data, even though the tests may not be robust to violations of that assumption. Fligner's class of two-sample tests for scale is an important development because the test is distribution-free and has desirable properties. This paper outlines the…

A new test for increasing or decreasing trend in a set of observations is presented. Rather than making specific paired comparisons, as in the Cox and Stuart tests for trend, the user of the new test makes the comparisons of all possible pairs of observations. (Author)

Researchers often use the analysis of variance to test hypotheses about the means, followed by a multiple comparison technique when the F-test is significant. The technique is this study was developed by Newman (1939) and Keuls (1952). A flaw in the rationale underlying this technique was evaluated to determine whether the flaw is sufficiently…

This study shows that the test statistic for Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) has a noncentral F-districution with noncentrality parameter equal to zero if and only if the regression planes are homogeneous and/or the vector of overall covariate means is the null vector. The effect of heterogeneous regression slope parameters is to either increase…

The purposes of this paper are to: (1) describe some of the serious shortcomings in the current use of tests of statistical significance, (2) discuss how misuses are perpetuated in some widely used references, and (3) present an alternative significance testing model that overcomes some, but not all, of the shortcomings of the currently used…

A statistical test for cheating is developed. The case of a single examinee who has taken parallel forms of the same selection test on three occasions, obtaining scores x, y, z, is used to illustrate the development. It is assumed that each score is normally distributed with the same known variance, that is, the variance of the errors of…

The inferences allowable with a significant F in regression analysis are discussed. Included in this discussion are the effects of specificity of the research hypothesis, incorporation of covariates, directional hypotheses, and the manipulation of variables on the interpretation of significance for such purposes as causal and directional…

Illustrates a simple nonparametric alternative that can be used to test a hypothesis that two proximity matrices on the same set of variables or objects reflect a similar pattern of high and low entries. (RC)