In this study Bandura's (1986) self-efficacy concept was extended to the leadership studies domain. The literature was reviewed to support the proposition that high leadership self-efficacy was a necessary, though not sufficient, factor contributing to leadership performance. Also, antecedents of leadership self-efficacy were identified based upon…

A new approach to assessing unexpected differential item performance (item bias or item fairness) is introduced and applied to the item responses of different subpopulations of Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) takers. The essential features of the standardization approach are described. The primary goal of the standardization approach is to control…

A study showed personality traits of both female and male educational administrators in a southwestern urban public school system to be inconsistent with the standards of stereotypical sex-appropriate roles found in earlier studies. Based theoretically on Holland's vocational choice theory, the study surveyed all 64 female administrators at the…

This report presents information on juvenile court processing of youth in the U.S. during 1974. It is based on data gathered under the National Juvenile Court Statistical Reporting System. Findings can be summarized as follows: (1) 1,252,700 juvenile delinquency cases, excluding traffic offenses, were handled by courts in the U.S. in 1974; (2) the…

This paper focuses on the methodology of cross group comparisons of regression coefficients commonly used to identify group differences in status attainment. Using the study of race differences in educational attainment as an example, the paper reviews a number of relevant published studies and demonstrates that evidence for such differences is…

The age of teachers is investigated as one factor demonstrating part of the cumulative effect of teacher turnover and as documentation of the inability of the public school system to retain senior teachers. Age data are analyzed for: (1) all teachers in the Missouri public school system for the 1976-1977 school year; (2) secondary school teachers…

The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship of sex, coach behavior, leadership style, and coach-player interaction in a university setting. A statistical experiment was designed using a population of 10 coaches (five male and five female) and six randomly selected players from each coach's team. The Leader Behavior Description…

The primary purpose of this research is to determine if there exists covert confounding in student perceptionnaires which significantly affect instructors ratings. Eight calculus classes were randomly selected. Each student completed a Texas A & M University (TAMU) student perceptionnaire the first day of class, envisioning having completed the…

A 10-year longitudinal survey was conducted to study the influence on socioeconomic career achievements of such factors as father's occupation, number of siblings, farm or rural residence, and religious and ethnic differences. Information on 715 white married males who were residents of seven of the largest metropolitan areas and who participated…

A classification of natal influences is proposed with a model of their operation. Natal influences affect maternal capacity, maternal load, and maternal efficiency. Since maternal load is increased in twin pregnancy, results of twin studies must be generalized with caution. The method of co-twin control is exemplified by examination of a small…

Investigates whether the hypothesis that the mother's work situation influences parents' perceptions of their three-year-old children can explain reported differences in effects of maternal employment on the child. The sample consisted of 152 white, two-parent families. Results support the generalization that maternal employment may entail both…

Purpose of this paper was to compare the racial images of whites, blacks, and certain Yellows" (Japanese-Americans) as mutually perceived, and differentially perceived by age-groups. (DM)

The widely recognized developmental age differences between boys and girls of the same chronological age is almost universally ignored in educational planning for children in their early school years. (Author)