Discusses problems with the use of stochastic (probabilistic) models for the analysis of juvenile offense data. Analyzes longitudinal data for White and non-White delinquents which show significant evidence of offense specialization and a random distribution of offenses if no specialization occurs. (Author/GC)

Examines, within the U.S. and selected regions, nine basic characteristics of social systems that are frequently mentioned as causes of differences in library development. A comparative procedure was used to identify those variables with universal explanations. Results indicate the most critical variable was level of formal education. Twenty-eight…

Suicide rates of college and university populations are found to be lower than sex-matched comparison groups based on the 20 to 24-year-old population. (JMF)

Attitudinal information was collected from two groups to compare the attitudes of older adults and younger adults toward educational media. Results indicated no basic differences in attitudes toward educational media between the two groups. (Author)

Uses national longitudinal data set of 8th-graders to examine 2 potential explanations (returns to schooling and noncognitive skills) for the fact that nearly 60 percent of today's college students are women. Finds that higher noncognitive skills and college premiums among women account for nearly 90 percent of the gender gap in higher education.…

To assess changes in processing speed in the second and third years of life, 2 sequential visual events were shown to 22-, 27-, and 32-month-old children, 12 at each age. Response clusters indicated that speed of processing increased with age and that a proactive inhibition declined with age. (SLD)

Utilizing data from the National Opinion Research Center's "General Social Survey, 1980-1990," it is shown that correlations between ethnicity and religion and educational attainment are partly explained by differentials in parents' schooling, father's occupation, and location. (eight tables, 46 references) (MLF)

Examines the "sedimented" history of probability in America using Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray's "The Bell Curve." Suggests this model reinforces ethnic hierarchy and differences by creating a "moral cartography" for the nation. Defines this spatial rhetoric with three sociographic dynamics. Concludes with…

There is a long line of studies on academic cheating. This literature has established a litany of different individual and contextual factors that seem to inspire student conformity of the official rules of test taking. This study draws on this literature by using fourteen independent variables to explain the cheating habits of students in a…

The present study was conducted to test the ability of two subscales from the Friendship Quality Questionnaire (FQQ; Parker & Asher, 1993) to discriminate between different target friendships. This was done by testing for mean differences between targets, and by using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to examine the factor…

Literacy in the United States is a widespread problem. There are many Americans who do not have the ability to read at a level above the ninth grade. Today's technological advances have resulted in more information being placed on the Internet. Consequently, the same individuals who had a limited capacity to read information from traditional…

No previous research in the United States has compared and contrasted learning transfer systems across organizations and training types, primarily because no standard instruments were used in previous research. This study, based on a subset of responses in the Learning Transfer System Inventory response database, is the first to conduct such a…

K-12 school practitioners and schools administrators need reliable results about the effects of instructional technology products as they strive to meet achievement compliance levels in politically accountable local and national contexts in the U.S. This study presents evidence regarding the effects of extensive engagement with computer-based…

The current study investigated how ethnicity and gender affect changes in the self-esteem of early adolescents during the middle school years. Self-report data were collected from more than 4,000 early adolescents from three ethnic groups: European American, African American, and Hispanic and analyzed using a consecutive three-year cross-sectional…

This study investigated the effects of self and cooperative-instructional strategies on senior secondary school students' attitude towards Mathematics. The moderating effects of locus of control and gender were also investigated. The study adopted pre-test and post-test, control group quasi-experimental design using a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial matrix…