Drawing from research and observations at Lansing Community College (Michigan) (LCC), this paper argues that typical arithmetic courses do little to prepare students to master algebra, and proposes an alternative set of arithmetic skills as actual prerequisites to algebra. The first section offers a description of the algebra sequence at LCC,…

The relationship between analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods and their analogs (analysis of covariance and multiple analyses of variance and covariance--collectively referred to as OVA methods) and the more general analytic case is explored. A small heuristic data set is used, with a hypothetical sample of 20 subjects, randomly assigned to five…

The development of new statistical methods of log-linear models by Leo Goodman has led to major advances in the statistical analysis of categorical data. Goodman's logit analysis, (the simplest form of log-linear models) can be applied in evaluation studies to estimate the "main effects" and "interaction effects" of categorical…

Demonstrates that variables that are the basis for admitting students to graduate school must have low correlations with future measures of the success of these students. The question of interest in the admissions procedure is how well the variables evaluate the applicant population rather than the selected students. (GS)

This research addressed the relationship of alternative social class measures (based on occupation) for elementary attendance areas in Kansas City, Missouri, with the median achievement of sixth graders on standardized tests. Correlation, regression, and multivariate analyses were used to study the relationships between school achievement and…

Using data originally report by others, this paper focuses on the relative merits of three separate statistical approaches to measuring occupational sex discrimination. The sample was a national probability sample of 539 women and 993 men. Demographic factors such as race, sex and age, education, job tenure and supervisory status served as the…

Failure to identify and account for the effect of moderator variables is an important reason for the low explanatory power of much educational research. Pre-existing subgroups such as sex, ethnicity, and curriculum offer an easily identifiable and theoretically meaningful source of moderator variables. Tests for intercept and slope differences in…

In the context of the rapid technological advance characteristic of post-industrial societies, organizational theorists have paid a great deal of attention to the problem of organizational change. One of the central issues in various analyses of the problem of change in general has been the observation that all organizations do not respond to…

An investigation was undertaken of the intercorrelations among residuals obtained by applying regression techniques under two conditions: (1) mean sixth-grade Metropolitan Achievement Test reading scores predicted by mean second-grade Stanford Achievement Test reading scores, and (2) mean sixth-grade reading scores predicted by mean second-grade…

The study attempted to demonstrate significant relationships between systematically derived occupational descriptors and selected measures of worker characteristics in the affective domain. The predictor variables were derived from the Occupation Analysis Inventory (OAI) and consisted of work-dimension scores describing occupations in terms of…

The relative power of three possible experimental designs under the condition that data is to be analyzed by nonparametric techniques; the comparison of the power of each nonparametric technique to its parametric analogue; and the comparison of relative powers using nonparametric and parametric techniques are discussed. The three nonparametric…

The feasibility and effectiveness of a Bayesian method for estimating regressions in m groups is studied by application of the method to data from the Basic Research Service of The American College Testing Program. Evidence supports the belief that in many testing applications the collateral information obtained from each subset of m-1 colleges…

This paper, a revision of the original document, "Correcting Partial, Multiple, and Canonical Correlations for Attenuation" (see TM 000 535), presents the formula for correcting coefficients of partial correlation for attenuation due to errors of measurement. In addition, the correction for attenuation formulas for multiple and cannonical…

The correction for attenuation formulas for partial, multiple, and canonical correlation coefficients are discussed and the effects of measurement errors on these statistics are explored. The notation is standardized and the derivation extended where appropriate. It is shown that as the reliabilities of the predictors become more disparate, the…