In this comparison of the political "images" of Richard Nixon and George McGovern, public opinion data were collected on President Nixon in 1968 and 1972 and on Senator McGovern in 1972 just before and just after the television broadcast of the biography of McGovern. Changes in political attitudes toward Nixon and McGovern as a result of…

Fifty two Negro and 52 white second graders were asked to associate to each of 18 nonsense syllables verbally presented by one of two Negro or one of two white examiners. No examiner race differences were obtained. While significant subject race differences occurred in six of 15 response categories, each resulted from either the idiosyncratic…

Item data from two scales of the Ohio Vocational Interest Survey were used to investigate the relationship between item-favorability and sex bias. Item-response data, item sex group interaction data, and item-total score correlational data were examined. It was found that item-favorability was not a suitable criterion for the identification of…

The results of five studies into the characteristics of wrong answers as a class of divergent behavior are presented. The evidence from these studies, when taken in combination, suggests that the tendency of researchers to ignore wrong answers has been a fundamental procedural error of broad scope and serious consequences. Instead of the straight…

The objective of the investigation reported here was to determine if selected teacher stimulus variation skills affected student learning from lecture. (Author)

In setting the cut-scores on National Curriculum tests it is important to maintain standards. In the process of test development, both within and across years, changes are made to the style of the questions in order to increase their "accessibility". This raises the question of whether a more accessible test should have higher cut-scores. Purely…

The randomized response (RR) technique is often used to obtain answers on sensitive questions. A new method is developed to measure latent variables using the RR technique because direct questioning leads to biased results. Within the RR technique is the probability of the true response modeled by an item response theory (IRT) model. The RR…

Two experiments were performed regarding the effect of conscious control on handwriting fluency in healthy adults and ADHD children. First, 26 healthy students were asked to write a sentence under different conditions. The results indicate that automated handwriting movements are independent from visual feedback. Second, the writing performance of…

This study examined the effect on pre-adolescent children's attitudes to bullying of one group-based variable (group status) and two situational variables (rule legitimacy and rule consistency). Pre-adolescent boys (n = 229) read a story about a group of boys who had high or low (handball) status. The legitimacy (high versus low) of the rules…

It is believed by some that most tests are multidimensional, meaning that they measure more than one underlying construct. The primary objective of this study is to illustrate how variations in the secondary ability distribution affect the statistical detection of dimensionality and to demonstrate the difference between substantive and statistical…

Although reattribution training has been shown to be very useful in improving learning, researchers disagree on what mediates the effects. As to the possible mediating factors, the prominent theories suggest factors such as expectations, notions of intelligence, self-efficacy or anxiety. However, this article proposes an alternative mediating…

Factor analysis and Rasch measurement are compared, showing how they address the same data with different interpretations of numerical status. Both methods use the same estimation method, with different measurement models, and they solve the same problem, with different utility. Factor analysis is faulted for mistaking stochastic observations of…

Internship experience is a valuable component of an undergraduate degree. This is especially true in leadership education programs, where leadership development may take place in a variety of contexts. Theory purports reflection enhances a learners' experience through a linkage of education, work, and personal development (Kolb, 1984). It is not…

The National Institute of Education (NIE), Singapore adapted and implemented a Partnership Model with schools in 1999 to help student teachers translate what they have learned in the teacher education programme into practice during the Practicum. This was realized through the utilization of classroom practitioners as cooperating teachers (CTs) to…

This project investigated the probabilistic interactional structure of counseling interviews conducted by two groups of counselors of differing levels of cognitive complexity, and the consistency of that structure within each group across sequences of two interviews. Analysis of the counselor-client interaction patterns between the two groups of…