Raw scores for the clinical scales of MMPI can be changed to T scores by linear transformation. If the underlying distributions of raw scores are not distributed normally, one cannot assume the traditional point of significance. Suggests that clinicians consider more conservative interpretation for some scales. (Author)

The original nine programs for semantic differential analysis have been condensed into three programs which have been further refined and augmented. They yield: (1) means, standard deviations, and standard errors for each subscale on each concept; (2) Evaluation, Potency, and Activity (EPA) means, standard deviations, and standard errors; (3)…

In this paper it is argued that the problem of construct validation in the construction of instruments and indicators is an important problem for educational researchers and practitioners; moreover, it is claimed that the popular notion of operational definition is a misleading idea which has obscured the problem of construct validity in…

The present paper suggests that multivariate techniques are very important in social science research, and that canonical correlation analysis may be particularly useful. The logic of canonical analysis is explained and discussed. The necessity of using replicability/generalizability analyses is argued. It is suggested that cross-validation…

This tutorial summarizes some of the widely known limitations of tests of statistical significance and then focuses on extracting measures of variation accounted for as a supplement to significance testing. Two measures of variation accounted for, eta squared and omega squared, are discussed. Computational formulas, computational examples, and…

Although it makes a great deal of sense to attempt to design reading research so as to be able to generalize beyond the particular reading passages used in an experiment, the suggestion that tests of statistical significance are a necessary part of making valid generalizations is nonsense. (HOD)

Indicates that the explanation of what it means to obtain a significant F-ratio in discriminant function analysis, presented by K. E. Anderson in an earlier volume of Science Education, is incorrect. (JR)

The difficulties in comparing profile variability (a measure of test scatter) are briefly discussed and the limitations of current techniques pointed out. Test scatter is defined as individual variation in test scores between or within various psychological and educational tests. Currently, no statistical technique for the comparison of profile…

The statistical methods presented in this workbook focus on the display of central tendency, statistical tests, and correlation. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 consist of worksheets, each of which provides step-by-step instructions for calculating and interpreting a particular statistical method. The introduction to each worksheet explains how and when to…

The use of stepwise regression has been criticized for both interpretive misunderstandings and statistical aberrations. A major statistical problem with stepwise regression and other procedures that involve multiple significance tests is the inflation of the Type I error rate. General approaches to control the family-wise error rate such as the…

A DISCUSSION WAS PRESENTED ON THE PROCEDURES OF EQUATING DIVERSE ABILITY SCORES OBTAINED BY DIFFERENT SCALED MEASURES. THE AUTHOR INDICATED THE NECESSITY OF EQUATING SUCH SCORES WHEN ABILITY IS TO BE TREATED AS A SINGLE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE IN SIGNIFICANCE TESTS AND IN COMPARATIVE ANALYSES OF DICHOTOMIZED GROUPS. A NEW RATIONALE FOR EQUATING…

Too few researchers understand what statistical significance testing does and does not do, and consequently their results are misinterpreted. This Digest explains the concept of statistical significance testing and discusses the meaning of probabilities, the concept of statistical significance, arguments against significance testing,…

A random sample of 113 members of the American Vocational Education Research Association (AVERA) was surveyed to obtain baseline information regarding AVERA members' perceptions of statistical significance tests. The Psychometrics Group Instrument was used to collect data from participants. Of those surveyed, 67% were male, 93% had earned a…