Statistical analysis of categorical data often relies on multiway contingency tables; yet, as the number of categories and/or variables increases, the number of table cells with few (or zero) observations also increases. Unfortunately, sparse contingency tables invalidate the use of standard goodness-of-fit statistics. Limited-information fit…

The changes of learning environments and the advancement of learning theories have increasingly demanded for feedback that can describe learning progress trajectories. Effective assessment should be able to evaluate how learners acquire knowledge and develop problem solving skills. Additionally, it should identify what issues these learners have…