The amount of variance accounted for by treatment can be estimated with omega squared or with the squared multiple correlation coefficient. Monte Carlo methods were employed to compare omega squared, the squared multiple correlation coefficient, and the squared multiple correlation coefficient to which a shrinkage formula had been applied, in…

The misleading character of the correlation coefficient was investigated in two studies of intuitive statistical behavior: subjective estimation of partial correlation and subjective estimation of the minimum possible correlation between two variables given their equal correlation with a third. (Author/JKS)

Stochastic approximation algorithms for least square error approximation to density and distribution functions are considered. The main results are necessary and sufficient parameter conditions for the convergence of the approximation processes and a generalization to some time-dependent density and distribution functions. (Author)

An empirical study of statistical overkill investigated the generalizability of multiple regression equations as a function of the subject/variable ratio. Data from various-sized groups of rehabilitation clients were used to develop the equations. Findings showed that equations developed on samples with less than a 10 to 1 ratio failed to…

Three procedures used to control Type I error rate in stepwise regression analysis are forward selection, backward elimination, and true stepwise. In the forward selection method, a model of the dependent variable is formed by choosing the single best predictor; then the second predictor which makes the strongest contribution to the prediction of…

The technical problems involved in obtaining Bayesian model estimates for the regression parameters in m similar groups are studied. The available computer programs, BPREP (BASIC), and BAYREG, both written in FORTRAN, require an amount of computer processing that does not encourage regular use. These programs are analyzed so that the performance…

This study tests the general hypothesis that preschool experience has a measurable effect upon children's noncognitive development between the time they enter and the time they leave the preschool program. The California Preschool Competency Scale (CPSCS) was administered to 4-year-old children in a prekindergarten program (PreK) in the fall of…

Understanding that the behavior of people takes place within a context, over the past 20 years research in education and the sport sciences has witnessed an increasing development of multilevel frameworks that are both conceptually and methodologically sound. Despite these advances, the use of multilevel models and research designs in education…

In a study of factors in the educational environment of the home, the school, and the peer group contributing to achievement and attitudes towards schooling at the upper primary and lower secondary school levels, an opportunity arose to examine the data available for configural and curvilinear relationships. Information was collected on 11…

The Quality Measurement Project was established in 1956 by the New York State Education Department to determine the feasibility of measuring quality differences between schools and of identifying variables related to these differences. In the latest revision of the project, begun in 1964, 99 representative school systems, excluding the New York…