The relevance of the investigated problem is determined by the need to improving the evaluation procedures in education and the student assessment in the age of the context of education widening, new modes of study developing (such as blending learning, e-learning, massive open online courses), immediate feedback necessity, reliable and valid…

The mathematical models of intonation used in speech technology are often inaccessible to linguists. By the same token, phonological descriptions of intonation are rarely used by speech technologists, as they cannot be implemented directly in applications. Consequently, these research communities do not benefit much from each other's insights. In…

Purpose of this paper is to provide an alternative formulation which allows for the model parameters to be determined given the structural specification of zero mean error and independence among errors for different items and between errors and true scores. (Authors)

Current descriptions of results from hierarchical linear models (HLM) and hierarchical generalized linear models (HGLM), usually based only on interpretations of individual model parameters, are incomplete in the presence of statistically significant and practically important "slopes as outcomes" terms in the models. For complete description of…

Rasch's psychometric model is presented as a special case of additive conjoint measurement. Two data sets, each of which was analyzed using Rasch scaling methods as well as some of the methods of conjoint measurement, are compared. (Author/JKS)

A new method of measuring item bias based on the latent class model proposed by the author is suggested. A test for item bias is also suggested that is based on standard asymptotic results. (Author/DWH)

The power of a statistical test is, in part, a function of the reliability of the dependable variable being analyzed. The substitution of sigma square divided by the reliability coefficient for sigma is proposed. This enables the researcher to incorporate dependent variable reliability information when determining the sample size required for a…

The statistician has n independent estimates of a parameter he knows is positive, but, as is the case in components-of-variance problems, some of the estimates may be negative. If the n estimates are to be combined into a single number, we compare the obvious rule, that of averaging the n values and taking the positive part of the result, with…

The inadequacies in present measurement models are indicated and a description is given of how tree theory, a theory-generative model, overcomes these inadequacies. Among the weaknesses cited in many measurement models are their untested assumptions of linear order and unidimensionality and their inability to generate non-associational…

Statistical methods are presented to facilitate a more complete analysis of results obtained when a scaling model is applied to data from two or more groups. Various kinds of scaling models are considered here in the multiple-group context. (Author/LMO)

With the ordering-theoretic method of item hierarchy construction any array of bivalued item data can be analyzed to determine the item hierarchy structure. (Authors)

A listing of the program, together with an example of its use, can be obtained from the author. (Author)

A randomization model appropriate for evaluating priority effects in free recall (i.e., whether "new" items are recalled prior to "old" items) is discussed and related to well-known nonparametric significance tests. Since the bases for the measures that have been suggested in the psychological literature may be interpreted…

A measure of the usefulness of a pass/fail testing decision procedure is the ratio of the utility of the given procedure to the utility of a procedure based on knowledge of scores on a criterion measure. It is computed from scores for a representative sample of persons tested. Utility functions may be specified by the test user or set by…

In the geometrical construct of the MANOVA, the dimensions of interest are primarily those of the significant canonical variates, rather than either those of the original n variables or even the total possible canonical variates. (Authors)