The present study investigated second language (L2) learners' acquisition of automatic word recognition and the development of L2 orthographic representation in the mental lexicon. Participants in the study were Japanese university students enrolled in a compulsory course involving a weekly 30-minute sustained silent reading (SSR) activity with…

In the current study we investigate whether 2- and 3-year-old German children use intonation productively to mark the informational status of referents. Using a story-telling task, we compared children's and adults' intonational realization via pitch accent (H*, L* and de-accentuation) of New, Given, and Contrastive referents. Both children and…

This study investigates which teaching style-Chinese bilingual or English as a second language--leads to greater oral English maturity and how useful the Chinese language is in helping a non-English-speaking Chinese person learn oral English. In the English-as-a-second-language method, the student's native language is used sparingly to avoid…