This study compared Stepwise Logistic Regression (Stepwise-LR) and three machine learning (ML) methods--Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Random Forest (RF), and Generalized Boosted Modeling (GBM) for estimating propensity scores (PS) applied in causal inference. A simulation study was conducted considering factors of the sample size,…

Given recent evidence challenging the replicability of results in the social and behavioral sciences, critical questions have been raised about appropriate measures for determining replication success in comparing effect estimates across studies. At issue is the fact that conclusions about replication success often depend on the measure used for…

Previous research extensively studied reasons for and ways to avoid low response rates, but it largely ignored the primary research issue of the degree to which response rates matter, which we address. Methodological survey research on response rates has been concerned with how to increase responsiveness and with the effects of response rates on…

Analysis of the differential treatment effects across targeted subgroups and contexts is a critical objective in many evaluations because it delineates for whom and under what conditions particular programs, therapies or treatments are effective. Unfortunately, it is unclear how to plan efficient and effective evaluations that include these…

Although Cattaneo et al. (2019) provided a data-driven framework for power computations for Regression Discontinuity Designs in line with rdrobust Stata and R commands, which allows higher-order functional forms for the score variable when using the non-parametric local polynomial estimation, analogous advancements in their parametric estimation…

Given recent evidence challenging the replicability of results in the social and behavioral sciences, critical questions have been raised about appropriate measures for determining replication success in comparing effect estimates across studies. At issue is the fact that conclusions about replication success often depend on the measure used for…

A priori power analyses can ensure studies are unlikely to miss interesting effects. Recent metascience has suggested that kinesiology research may be underpowered and selectively reported. Here, we examined whether power analyses are being used to ensure informative studies in motor behavior. We reviewed every article published in three motor…

A study was conducted to implement the use of a standardized effect size and corresponding classification guidelines for polytomous data with the POLYSIBTEST procedure and compare those guidelines with prior recommendations. Two simulation studies were included. The first identifies new unstandardized test heuristics for classifying moderate and…

Conducting research with human subjects can be difficult because of limited sample sizes and small empirical effects. We demonstrate that this problem can yield patterns of results that are practically indistinguishable from flipping a coin to determine the direction of treatment effects. We use this idea of random conclusions to establish a…

In cluster randomized evaluations, a treatment or intervention is randomly assigned to a set of clusters each with constituent individual units of observations (e.g., student units that attend schools, which are assigned to treatment). One consideration of these designs is how many units are needed per cluster to achieve adequate statistical…

In cluster randomized evaluations, a treatment or intervention is randomly assigned to a set of clusters each with constituent individual units of observations (e.g., student units that attend schools, which are assigned to treatment). One consideration of these designs is how many units are needed per cluster to achieve adequate statistical…

Factor Score Regression (FSR) is increasingly employed as an alternative to structural equation modeling (SEM) in small samples. Despite its popularity in psychology, the performance of FSR in multigroup models with small samples remains relatively unknown. The goal of this study was to examine the performance of FSR, namely Croon's correction and…

This study systematically reviews randomly selected 155 experimental studies in education field originated in the Republic of Turkey between 2010 and 2020. Indiscriminate choice of sample size in recent publications prompted us to evaluate their statistical power and precision. First, above and beyond our review, we could not identify any…

The effect sizes of studies included in a meta-analysis do often not share a common true effect size due to differences in for instance the design of the studies. Estimates of this so-called between-study variance are usually imprecise. Hence, reporting a confidence interval together with a point estimate of the amount of between-study variance…

Likert-type item is the most popular response format for collecting data in social, educational, and psychological studies through scales or questionnaires. However, there is no consensus on whether parametric or non-parametric tests should be preferred when analyzing Likert-type data. This study examined the statistical power of parametric and…