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Reichardt, Charles S. – American Journal of Evaluation, 2022
Evaluators are often called upon to assess the effects of programs. To assess a program effect, evaluators need a clear understanding of how a program effect is defined. Arguably, the most widely used definition of a program effect is the counterfactual one. According to the counterfactual definition, a program effect is the difference between…
Descriptors: Program Evaluation, Definitions, Causal Models, Evaluation Methods