Building active and informed citizens is a major part of civics and citizenship education in order to enhance and sustain democracies. Civic learning and civic action opportunities within school contexts are commonly claimed to promote an active and informed citizenry. In the present research, we examine the meaning of formal civics education and…

Although ethnicity has generally been relegated to secondary status as an explanatory factor in urban political participation studies, this research hypothesizes that ethnicity plays a major role in determining communal political participation. Communal participation is defined as participation in which the individual acts in concert with or on…

What percent of Americans have been exposed to arts education? Has it changed over time? How do demographic characteristics correlate with arts education? What is the state of arts education in U.S. schools? These research questions are the focus of this report, which is presented in two parts. Using data from the Surveys of Public Participation…