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Download full textKim, Sooyeon; Livingston, Samuel A. – ETS Research Report Series, 2017
The purpose of this simulation study was to assess the accuracy of a classical test theory (CTT)-based procedure for estimating the alternate-forms reliability of scores on a multistage test (MST) having 3 stages. We generated item difficulty and discrimination parameters for 10 parallel, nonoverlapping forms of the complete 3-stage test and…
Descriptors: Accuracy, Test Theory, Test Reliability, Adaptive Testing
Livingston, Samuel A.; Chen, Haiwen H. – ETS Research Report Series, 2015
Quantitative information about test score reliability can be presented in terms of the distribution of equated scores on an alternate form of the test for test takers with a given score on the form taken. In this paper, we describe a procedure for estimating that distribution, for any specified score on the test form taken, by estimating the joint…
Descriptors: Scores, Statistical Distributions, Research Reports, Equated Scores
Livingston, Samuel A. – 1970
The procedure of estimating true scores by means of a transformation of the obtained score based on the reliability coefficient is compared with the use of the obtained score without transformation. Using the mean squared error as a criterion, the transformed score is a better estimate for most examinees but poorer for those whose true scores lie…
Descriptors: Analysis of Variance, Measurement, Raw Scores, Scores
Livingston, Samuel A. – 1984
Much previously published material for estimating the reliability of classification has been based on the assumption that a test consists of a known number of equally weighted items. The test score is the number of those items answered correctly. These methods cannot be used with classifications based on weighted composite scores, especially if…
Descriptors: Equated Scores, Essay Tests, Estimation (Mathematics), Mathematical Models
Livingston, Samuel A. – 1970
The assumptions of the classical test-theory model are used to develop a theory of reliability for criterion-referenced measures which parallels that for norm-referenced measures. It is shown that the Spearman-Brown formula holds for criterion-referenced measures and that the criterion-referenced reliability coefficient can be used to correct…
Descriptors: Correlation, Criterion Referenced Tests, Measurement Instruments, Norm Referenced Tests
Ebel, Robert L.; Livingston, Samuel A. – NCME Measurement in Education, 1981
This issue of Measurement in Education is presented in the form of a dialogue between Dr. Robert L. Ebel, Distinguished Professor of Educational Measurement at Michigan State University, and Dr. Samual A. Livingston, Program Research Scientist at the Educational Testing Service. Alternative views on some aspects of the use of tests in assessing…
Descriptors: Competence, Criterion Referenced Tests, Multiple Choice Tests, Norm Referenced Tests
