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Development of an English Speaking Test--Establishing Validity through Multitrait-Multimethod (MTMM) Analysis.

Peer reviewed
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Nakamura, Yuji – Educational Studies, 1997

The process of designing and validating a test of English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) speaking skills is described. The study examined: (1) whether nine traits (pronunciation, grammar, discourse, fluency, content, vocabulary, comprehensibility, interactional competence, sociolinguistic competence) are relevant and separable parts of speaking…

Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Audiotape Recordings, Construct Validity, English (Second Language)

Evaluation and Institutionalized Varieties of English and Its Implications for Placement and Pedagogy.

Peer reviewed

Kenkel, James M.; Tucker, Richard W. – World Englishes, 1989

Outlines an application of theoretical understandings of institutionalized or nativized varieties of English to the practical concern of English-as-a-Second-Language programs, including testing, placement, and pedagogy. (29 references) (Author/OD)

Descriptors: English (Second Language), Error Analysis (Language), Essays, Foreign Countries