This article presents two experiments examining the effects of external focus of attention on motor performance and learning. Two main findings resulted from the present studies. First, directing learners' attention to the movement effect (external focus) can enhance learning complex, real-life skills. In contrast, wording instructions in a way…

The article reviews the role of the vestibular system, tactile system, kinesthetic system, visual system, balance, locomotion, body awareness, spatial system, mildline crossing, bilateral integration, form perception, and eye-food coordination in promoting an integrated motor base on which later learning is built. (CL)

Investigated the relationship between Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire scores and kinesthetic acuity--the sense of body position and movement--among 10- and 14-year-olds. Found that in the older group, those with high levels of visual movement imagery performed better on measures of kinesthetic acuity; no such effect was found for…