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Swain, Merrill – Language Teaching, 2013
The scholarly literature about the process of second language (L2) learning has focused to a considerable extent on cognitive processes. Left aside are questions about how emotions fit into an understanding of L2 learning. One goal of this plenary is to demonstrate that we have limited our understanding of L2 learning by failing to take into…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Second Language Learning, Schemata (Cognition), Cognitive Development
Swain, Merrill – Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 2013
In this paper, one of the goals is to highlight a disciplinary intersection between applied linguistics, psychology and gerontology. Though connections between applied linguistics and psychology, and applied linguistics and gerontology, have been made in the past, the particular intersection described offers some new insights by making use of a…
Descriptors: Gerontology, Applied Linguistics, Theory of Mind, Older Adults
Brooks, Lindsay; Swain, Merrill; Lapkin, Sharon; Knouzi, Ibtissem – Language Awareness, 2010
In this study, framed within a sociocultural theory of mind, we explore the role of languaging in mediating between students' understanding of a grammatical concept and their written production of the forms related to that concept. The development of scientific concepts, in this case of the concept of voice in French, involves the use of language…
Descriptors: Language Usage, Grammar, Testing, Scientific Concepts
Swain, Merrill; Kinnear, Penny; Steinman, Linda – Multilingual Matters, 2010
In this accessible introduction to Vygotskyian sociocultural theory, narratives illuminate key concepts of the theory. These key concepts, addressed across seven chapters, include mediation; Zone of Proximal Development; collaborative dialogue; private speech; everyday and scientific concepts; the interrelatedness of cognition and emotion,…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Audiences, Scientific Concepts, Second Language Instruction
Swain, Merrill; Deters, Ping – Modern Language Journal, 2007
How have the ideas raised by Firth and Wagner (1997) influenced the construction of second language acquisition (SLA) theories? In this article, we take the position that prior to and since 1997, there was and has been a notable increase in SLA research and theory that prioritizes sociocultural and contextual factors in addition to acknowledging…
Descriptors: Language Research, Linguistic Theory, Second Language Learning, Sociocultural Patterns
Watanabe, Yuko; Swain, Merrill – Language Awareness, 2008
In this article, we explore one aspect of language awareness that has rarely been explored--awareness (i.e. perception) of the language proficiency of the "other learner" in pair work settings. We examine how Mai, a Japanese ESL learner, perceives her peer's L2 proficiency during pair problem solving, and how her perception of learner proficiency…
Descriptors: Metalinguistics, English (Second Language), Language Proficiency, Second Language Learning

Swain, Merrill – Language Testing, 2001
Examines one aspect of the many interfaces between second language (L2) learning and L2 testing. The aspect is the oral interaction--the dialogue--that occurs within small groups. Discusses from within a sociocultural theory of mind, that in a group, performance is jointly constructed and distributed across the participants. (Author/VWL)
Descriptors: Dialogs (Language), Inferences, Interaction, Language Tests
Swain, Merrill; Lapkin, Sharon – International Journal of Educational Research, 2002
This article documents the importance of collaborative dialogue as part of the process of second language learning. The stimulus for the dialogue we discuss in this article was a reformulation of a story written collaboratively in French by Nina and Dara, two adolescent French immersion students. A sociocultural theoretical perspective informs the…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Test Construction, French, Immersion Programs
Swain, Merrill – 1974
The basic language issues in Canada are two-fold: (1) French-Canadians are making serious attempts to maintain their native language and culture, and a move towards French unilingualism is apparent; (2) English-Canadians are showing increasing interest in becoming bilingual, mainly because they are not threatened by native language loss or by…
Descriptors: Acculturation, Bilingual Education, Bilingualism, Educational Policy