This manual is intended to guide developers, site planners, and builders in designing residential developments so that access to sunlight is maintained for planned or potential solar collectors. Almost any housing development can be designed to facilitate the use of solar energy. Differences are not in costs but in planning. Described in this…

The environmental impact of construction activity has gained increasing importance in the last few years and become a key subject for civil engineering education. A survey of Portuguese higher education institutions shows that concern with this topic is mostly directed at the impact of large construction projects and especially focused on their…