Examined 472 female and male undergraduates' knowledge, attitudes, and personal- and peer-use behaviors regarding drugs and alcohol. Substance use was substantial, with male use consistently exceeding female use. Examination of personal-use behaviors and attitudes revealed that students disapproved of behaviors which they themselves exhibited.…

Theories about helping behavior have branched into two basic areas: egoistic and altruistic. Egoistic theories describe helping as being induced by sadness or distress; the Empathy-Altruism hypothesis contends that people help when they feel empathy for another in need. Fultz, Schaller, and Cialdini (1988) looked at the possibility that three…

Over the last decade or so, researchers have started to describe some of the ways young children begin to acquire and apply certain gender-relevant concepts, constructs, and behaviors. Researchers are beginning to build developmental models detailing young children's acquisition of certain gender-typed behaviors and gender schema factors. The…

The author discusses the development and manifestation of empathy in children. A three component model of empathy, involving cognitive and affective elements, is proposed. (Author/HMV)

Based on a doctoral dissertation presented by the first-named author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree under the supervision of the second-named author

Possible sex differences in risk-taking behavior were investigated in two experiments. In the first experiment, 15 men and 15 women played 12 hands of blackjack against a computer. A two-factor ANOVA with repeated measures on the outcome factor revealed no differences for main or interaction effects. In the second experiment 10 female and 10 male…

Reactions of male and female adolescent pairs to a same sex newcomer were observed as a means of assessing sex differences in indirect aggressive behaviors. Following a problem solving session, the group members rated each other's personality. Adolescent girls made less favorable judgments of the newcomer than did adolescent boys. In addition, on…

The relationship between two personality characteristics, creativity and risk-taking, was investigated in fifth grade students, ages 9-11 years (N equals 291). Creativity was explored by examing the factors of ideational fluency, spontaneous flexibility, originality, and elaboration. Risk-taking, studied in a classroom testing situation, was…

The data indicate that fathers do interact with their infants, and that they demonstrate charactersitic styles of interaction. (Author)

In the first study reported most American norms governing reactions to self-disclosure to friends and strangers were replicated. In the second study American norms governing self-disclosure to males and females were not replicated. (Author/AM)

Adolescents in England and Ireland completed a problem check list; results showed that problem experience varied systematically with age, sex, and culture. (Author/RH)

Describes a study of 300 male and female college administrators to measure their ability to adapt leadership styles to different leadership situations and problems as they arise. Results indicate that there are not significant differences between male and female administrators in their overall administrative effectiveness nor in their overall…