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Threats to Validity When Using Open-Ended Items in International Achievement Studies: Coding Responses to the PISA 2012 Problem-Solving Test in Finland
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Arffman, Inga – Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 2016
Open-ended (OE) items are widely used to gather data on student performance in international achievement studies. However, several factors may threaten validity when using such items. This study examined Finnish coders' opinions about threats to validity when coding responses to OE items in the PISA 2012 problem-solving test. A total of 6…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, International Assessment, Secondary School Students