The current vocational education and training (VET) system in Portugal is the result of a 2007 large-scale reform, which reorganised VET into a single system (Sistema Nacional de Qualificações, SNQ). The main objectives of the SNQ are to ensure that VET qualifications better match labour market needs, promoting the competitiveness of enterprises,…

Concise, clear and comprehensive snapshots of vocational education and training systems in EU, Iceland and Norway: this is what the Cedefop Spotlight on VET series offers. Building on individual country Spotlights, this publication provides an overview of VET systems with their distinctive qualities, such as main accession and progression routes…

This study is the first volume of Cedefop research on empowering adults through upskilling and reskilling pathways. It estimates the magnitude of the low-skilled adult population according to a broader conceptualisation which goes beyond educational attainment levels, and considers digital skills, literacy and numeracy, as well as skill loss and…

This short description contributes to better understanding vocational education and training (VET) in Croatia by providing insights into its main features and highlighting system developments and current challenges in recent years. In Croatia, vocational education and training (VET) is offered in the form of initial VET (IVET) and adult education.…

This report is the second volume of Cedefop research on empowering adults through upskilling and reskilling pathways. It presents the Cedefop analytical framework for developing upskilling pathways for low-skilled adults and illustrates its conceptual development. The analytical framework is aimed at supporting policymakers and stakeholders in…

This short description contributes to better understanding of vocational education and training (VET) in Portugal, by providing insight into its distinctive features and highlighting system developments and current challenges. VET in Portugal offers a wide range of programmes, flexible in type and duration. Promoting equal opportunities and…

Decades of career in adult education confirmed the author's assumption that adult learners possess lots of lived experiences, exhibit different learning styles and have immediate learning needs to fulfil. Some learners may be slow and take time to grasp information while others might be shy, introverts, lack confidence or extroverts who like to…

This research paper is one in a series produced as part of the Cedefop project The changing nature and role of VET (2016-18). The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of how CVET is conceptualised in various international level policy documents and how it is referred to across countries. It discusses national conceptions of CVET, the…

The world is undergoing a major transformation that requires new skills and qualifications, new ways for people to know about skills and qualifications, and new ways to acquire skills and qualifications. This toolkit is about skills and qualifications, and the benefits they provide for people in a changing environment. It focuses specifically on…

The January 1991 Current Population Survey asked, "Did you need training to qualify for your current job?" The 57 percent who said they needed training earned about $10,000 more than those who did not. Results agree with conventional wisdom on the subject and are consistent with those of a similar survey conducted in 1983. (JOW)

Two companies are attempting to provide job training and employment opportunities in inner-city Los Angeles: U.S. Electricar opened a plant to help California meet a requirement to increase the proportion of electric vehicles on its roads, and Pioneer Electronics funds Pioneer Academy where high school students study electronics in the afternoons.…

The contents of this book deal with worker education in France, England, the Soviet Union, Germany, Sweden, Norway, and Finland and with the international activities of the Organization for Rehabilitation through Training (ORT). Examples are presented of what can be done and what has been done to develop the potential of the worker in Europe. The…

Describes programs at the Wilco Area Career Center (Illinois) where vocational training is provided for secondary students at the junior/senior level. Also discusses the relationship between the center and the Will County Private Industry Council, completing a Request for Proposal (RFP), demonstrating program quality for the RFP, and keeping costs…

This is a report of a field hearing held in Brattleboro, Vermont, on November 2, 1981, to provide the Subcommittee on Employment Opportunities of the Committee on Education and Labor, House of Representatives, with information regarding Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) reauthorization. The report includes testimony and prepared…

This report describes the funding of vocational education and training (VET) between 1986 and 1998. In Spain, VET is governed by many laws and agreements between the government and social partners. Spain receives structural funds through the European Social Fund (ESF) and European Regional Development Funds (ERDF). Financing of initial vocational…