This book is meant to serve as a guide to more efficient language teaching. Although it is based on theories both from standard audiolingual theory and cognitive-code learning, the basic objectives remain those of the audiolingual approach. The book focusses on the teaching of grammar and on the most efficient way to use drills in the classroom in…

The most significant criterion for classifying spelling errors is whether the erroneous form yields the same pronunciation as the intended word. Five categories can be discerned: (1) non-identical pronunciation, non-existent English word; (2) non-identical pronunciation, confusion of existing words; (3) identical pronunciation, English spelling…

This Lunyoro/Rutoro textbook is designed for Peace Corps volunteers, and contains 32 lessons. Lessons consist of sample phrases that the students are intended to master and dialogues and conversations built around the sample phrases and key vocabulary. Topics covered include learning names, meals and the ordering and buying of food, the weather,…

This Madi textbook is designed for Peace Corps volunteers, and contains 32 lessons. Lessons consist of sample phrases that the students are intended to master and dialogues and conversations built around the sample phrases and key vocabulary. Topics covered include learning names, meals and the ordering and buying of food, the weather, health,…

This paper discusses some theoretical aspects of contrastive phonetics. A fundamental problem in contrasting the sound structure of two languages is the question of equivalence between the two sound systems. There are four possible criteria: (1) similar spelling; (2) similar phonetic description and transcription; (3) use of phonological criteria;…

If children in a bilingual education program are to be equally competent in Spanish and English, there is a clear need for teaching Spanish. This can be done indirectly, by presenting curriculum material such as math, science and art bilingually or in Spanish, by telling stories in Spanish, and by using Spanish for various classroom and playground…

A three-year study of the linguistic and metalinguistic performance of forty Mexican-American children ranging in age from three to eleven years shows that it is useful to characterize the competence of the bilingual in terms of a unified system of rules, at least at one level of analysis. This paper explores some aspects of the grammatical…

This paper compares the tone systems of Vietnamese and English, with emphasis on the teaching of English as a second language. Rising, level, high, low, and falling tones are identified for English. Vietnamese has all of these except the last. While in Vietnamese, tones are predictable in the sense that tones and words go together, English tones…

This paper argues for a reorganization of the educational procedures in the ESL classroom, in the interest of developing communicative competence. Special emphasis is placed on the use in the classroom of only structural and phonological patterns which are easily transferrable to real-life situations. In the interest of abolishing mechanical…

This paper examines the factors which govern the use of infinitives and gerunds after verbs and uses American literature and periodicals since 1945 for examples of this usage. The analysis was undertaken in order to clarify this usage for those teaching or learning English as a second language. Studies yielded three general rules for the use of…

This is a study of the processes involved in second language learning in which the principal subject was an Iranian child who learned English in the United States without formal instruction. Some of the questions dealt with in this study include: what motivates language learning in a child; what makes the linguistic structure of a language more or…

This course, designed by the Foreign Service Institute in 1957, was prepared to train officers of the Foreign Service and of the United States government agencies who are involved in foreign affairs and who need to learn to speak Spanish. The course is designed to be taught by a native speaker of Spanish. Normally, the class is limited to six…

This course, designed by the Foreign Service Institute in 1957, was prepared to train officers of the Foreign Service and of the United States government agencies who are involved in foreign affairs and who need to learn to speak Spanish. The course is designed to be taught by a native speaker of Spanish. Normally, the class is limited to six…

This third volume in a series of four was prepared as an intensive language course in Spanish for Foreign Service Officers and other United States government agencies involved in foreign affairs who need to learn to speak Spanish. Materials in this text include: basic sentences, drills and grammar, pattern drills, conversation stimulus, readings,…

This final volume in a series of four texts was prepared as an intensive language course in Spanish for Foreign Service Officers and other United States government agencies involved in foreign affairs who need to learn to speak Spanish. This volume differs from the first three primarily in that it is geared to advanced students whose…