Despite the growing interest in incorporating textual glosses into second language (L2) reading in hypermedia and paper media, no agreements have been reached as to whether and what extent a textual gloss facilitates L2 learners' vocabulary acquisition in hypermedia and paper media. The present study meta-analysed the overall effects of textual…

Second language (L2) learning research suggests that virtual reality (VR) has the potential to enhance the development of language skills due to its immersive nature and its situated learning opportunities. This quantitative, between-subjects study compared the effectiveness of three learning conditions. University students (N = 63) studied…

Acquiring and retaining vocabulary is a cornerstone of mastering a new language, and digital tools are playing an increasingly significant role in this process. This study investigated the role of Quizlet, a digital flashcard application, as a self-regulated learning (SRL) tool in enhancing vocabulary acquisition among upper-intermediate English…

Language plays a crucial role in interpersonal communication, especially in social situations. To communicate effectively, learners need to expand their vocabulary, as vocabulary is the foundation for the four language skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Teaching English as a foreign language can be challenging, especially when it…

Three modes of deliberate vocabulary study were investigated to determine how well they assisted learners' recall of the meaning of target concrete nouns. Two modes of tablet-based augmented reality, one context-independent (AR1) and one context-dependent (AR2), were compared with each other and with paper-based word cards (WC) in the deliberate…

The development of lexical competence in foreign languages is one of the skills that presents difficulties in the teaching-learning process, as it requires stimulation and retention on the part of the student and creativity from the teacher. In this sense, digital resources emerge as a conducive means to promote new knowledge and consolidate…

Teaching vocabulary is a big challenge for teachers, and also a huge difficulty for students is to remember the vocabulary items. The main purpose of this study is to create an enjoyable learning and teaching environment to help students revise certain vocabulary items and make students have fun by being creative. In that, memes are trendy…

Embodied models of language comprehension assume that words become associated with sensorimotor experiences during word learning. Novel word learning paradigms may provide insight into embodied effects, but studies in this domain have yet to account for how concepts and information known in first language (L1) might influence the sensorimotor…

The incorporation of technology has revolutionized the education industry, with augmented reality (AR) being one of the emerging technologies that exhibit great potential in educational settings. This study examines the efficacy of AR in enhancing vocabulary learning and retention among young 5th-grade learners. This study was conducted with 56…

This research explored the effectiveness of using the word network technique to teach English vocabulary to first graders in Thai Primary schools. The 150 top-frequency words used in three nationally-used textbooks were inventoried. The list of the words then was compared with the list proposed by the Ministry of Education, Thailand. The combined…

This paper investigates the cognitive processes involved in English word recognition among young EFL learners using eye-tracking methodology. A quasi-experimental mixed method design was used to investigate how young L2 learners engage with basic words, with or without pictorial cues. A total of seventeen 6th-grade pupils from two schools…

This study examined the effectiveness of bilingual subtitles relative to captions, subtitles, and no subtitles for incidental vocabulary learning. Learners' processing of novel words in the subtitles and its relationship to learning gains were also explored. While their eye movements were recorded, 112 intermediate to advanced Chinese learners of…

Vocabulary is the kernel for all language skills; it helps learners to interact with the speakers of that language. This study aims to scrutinize the effect of a short story on developing students' vocabulary. It is an out-product of fieldwork to figure out the useful points for teaching and learning vocabulary through short stories. The test was…

Chapelle (2003) proposed three general types of input enhancement that help L2 learners "acquire features of the linguistic input that they are exposed to during the course reading or listening for meaning" (p. 40): input salience, input modification, and input elaboration. In 2010, Cárdenas-Claros and Gruba argued that Chapelle's…

Children who are learning English as an additional language (EAL) need opportunities to learn English in playful, engaging ways. Nursery rhymes offer an effective forum to explore a wide range of vocabulary and grammar knowledge in a manner that is comprehensible to EAL pupils by using gestures, visuals, and props to support oral language…