This article reports the results of an experiment designed to investigate the effectiveness of pinyin (a phonic transcription system) in learning vocabulary of Chinese as a second language from the perspective of cognitive load theory. In the reported experiment, the learning effects of the vertical and horizontal layouts of characters, pinyin,…

The influence of different instructional presentations upon meaning and pronunciation acquisition in character learning was examined. High school students learned to identify a series of characters in terms of their associated pinyin and English translation prompts. Acquisition was shown to proceed more rapidly when the Chinese character was…

Oriya, a language spoken by approximately 14 million Indians who live along the coast of the Bay of Bengal, is the subject of this introductory language text. The basic, grammatical framework of Oriya is developed in this volume. Presentation of the orthographic system is achieved through the Romanization of the Oriya alphabet. Short dialogues…

The purpose of this text is to teach the beginning student to use the Oriya writing system, used principally by some 14 million Indians who live along the coast of the Bay of Bengal. The 16 lessons are designed to enable the student to progress at his own speed and to keep a constant check on his control of the material covered. It is suggested…