Twenty years after the implementation of the bilingual programmes at school level in Spain, this study evaluates its impact on the English language proficiency of undergraduate students at Rey Juan Carlos University in Madrid through a descriptive longitudinal study (2014-2024) of enrolment data N = 77,834) in Modern Language, a cross-curricular…

Families that live temporarily abroad for work or education (amongst other reasons) often encounter some difficulties to maintain their children's L1; particularly when they live in English-speaking countries. This study explores the language maintenance experiences of ten Saudi Arabian families sojourning in Australia, from the perspective of…

The Houston Independent School District (HISD) offers two main ESL programs for students whose native language is not English and who need to develop and enhance their English language skills (emergent bilinguals or EBs). The Content-Based ESL model (CB-ESL) consists of an intensive program of English instruction in all subject areas with…

The primary aim of this study was to investigate barriers to English learning for adult immigrants residing in urban America. A secondary aim was to study the effect of baseline reading levels on immigrants' participation in English class. The study design was a survey study of a convenience sample of 1,254 immigrants living in Indianapolis,…

This three-article dissertation examined how policy choices in three key policy areas -- initial enrollment, service provision, and reclassification -- impact English learner (EL)-classified students. The first article examined the national landscape of state statutes, regulations, and state education agencies' (SEA) guidance that support…

This brief explores the potential of bilingual programs to support access to core content courses for students classified as English Learners (ELs). The most common types of bilingual education programs in Oregon are: (1) dual language: instruction is in English and a partner language, with goals of biliteracy and bilingualism. This is also known…

Background/Context: As dual language bilingual education (DLBE) programs expand nationwide, parental feedback becomes crucial in evaluating their effectiveness and ensuring equitable access. Understanding the perspectives of diverse parental groups, including marginalized and privileged communities, is essential for developing inclusive and…

The Houston Independent School District (HISD) offers two English as a second language (ESL) programs for students whose native language is not English and who need to develop and enhance their English language skills (English Learners, or ELs). The Content-Based ESL model (CB-ESL) consists of an intensive program of English instruction in all…

As the number of immigrant students continues to grow nationwide, so does the population in Lindenwold Public Schools. As an elementary school in the district, School Five is no exception to the experience of the ELL student boom. With the population growing, at the various grade levels, it is essential that instructional practices meet the needs…

We explore the impact of language education policy on language enrolments and provision in primary and secondary government schools In Australia, specifically in New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria, which have strikingly different policy settings. NSW adopts a 'weak but flexible' policy, mandating a very limited minimum time allocation for language…

This study examines the pooled effects of Education Endowment Foundation (EEF)-funded trials on literacy and mathematics attainment outcomes for pupils with English as an Additional Language (EAL), focusing on their time since arrival (TSA) into the United Kingdom (UK) schooling system. In general, EAL pupils are a highly diverse group, and as…

Over the past 30 years, state funding for public higher education has decreased dramatically in the United States ("The Chronicle of Higher Education," 2014; National Education Association (NEA), 2022). As a result, many public universities have purposefully increased international student enrollment to help replace these vanishing state…

We must recognize that our current language to describe the work and purpose of adult education sets a "dominant culture" social dynamic between teacher and student. To anchor adult education in a genuine spirit and experience of equity, we must start with a fundamental shift from a one-way savior helper mindset to a two-way mutual…

In Assembly Bill (AB) 705, assessment and placement practices in California Community Colleges (CCC) should maximize the probability that students who enter credit-bearing English as a second language (ESL) course sequences complete degree and transfer requirements in English within three years. The three-year timeframe begins when a student…

While the majority of children in Sweden attend preschool, children of immigrant background have lower enrollment rates. Limited research has explored why immigrant families do not attend preschool. This study helps to fill this void by exploring the perspectives of 10 skilled immigrant mothers who do not send their children to preschool. Data…