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Direct linkMaca, Mark – Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 2017
Public mass schooling was the major instrument used by the Americans in the performance of their mission to "civilize" Filipinos. Free primary education was implemented right after the islands' annexation in 1899 and was a critical component (alongside armed force) of the programme for their "pacification". For the elite,…
Descriptors: Foreign Policy, Educational Policy, Educational History, Public Education
