More than 300 million people use the gamified mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) application (app) Duolingo. The challenging tasks, reward incentives, systematic levels, and the ranking of users according to their achievements are just some of the elements that demonstrate strong gamification elements within this popular language learning…

Gamification in second language acquisition research is a popular topic, but there are few empirical comparative studies in the literature. This quasi-experimental mixed-approach study enrolled 77 Japanese university EFL learners to enable a comparison between two digital vocabulary flashcard learning software conditions carefully designed by the…

This qualitative case study responds to a significant gap in the literature in the area of gamification for vocabulary study among international students in higher education. It aims to respond to a call for a more in-depth qualitative analysis of gamification techniques on student learning experiences in comparison to the more commonplace…

This investigation utilized a phenomenological approach to investigate the experience of English language educators in employing artificial intelligence (AI) tools into English language learning. The study used purposive sampling and 20 participants were interviewed. The data analysis was guided by Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological systems…

Vocabulary is key to English language learning; it is the basis of all languages. However, learning long lists of words and their meanings can be ineffective, tedious, and boring. This is especially true for lower elementary students as they navigate school life and development. Can digital gamification solve this problem? The purpose of this…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Extended Reality (XR) have been employed in several foreign language education applications to increase the availability of experiential learning methods akin to international immersion programs. However, research in multi-modal spoken dialogue in L2 combined with immersive technologies and collaborative learning…

Duolingo is arguably the most popular language learning app available today, as measured by its metric of achieving 500 million downloads in 2020, yet remarkably little research has been conducted regarding its implementation or efficacy as a language-learning tool. The handful of studies that do exist have found positive outcomes, although…

The lack of opportunities to practice the English language outside the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom can prevent English language learners (ELLs) from promoting their language proficiency to high standards. This lack makes the progress from one level of English to the next one a hard mission for Arab students. Subsequently,…