The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of integrating a cloud-based cross-device interactive response system (CCIRS) on enhancing students' classical Chinese learning. The system is a cloud-based IRS system which provides instructors and learners with an environment in which to achieve immediate interactive learning and…

Total enrollments (undergraduate and graduate) in languages other than English dropped by 9.2% between fall 2013 and fall 2016, as reported in the Modern Language Association's twenty-fifth language enrollment census. Despite the overall drop, there were gains in nearly half of all language programs (45.5%) that mitigate somewhat the downward…

China has had the same written language, "wen-yan," since the third century B.C. "Wen-yan is the classical, literary language. In this paper the author discusses the five problems which must be considered with regard to the teaching of classical Chinese to American college students. These are: (1) why this literary language should…

The world of classical Chinese is distant both in time and space from the world of the English-speaking American. The instructor must not, however, use a no-attention-to-meaning approach assuming some words are untranslateable or create confusion in discussing the nature of Chinese script. (CFM)