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Education Commission of the States, 2020
Research indicates English learners perform best when teachers are required to have state certification to teach English as a Second Language (ESL), English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL), bilingual or other type. At least 39 states provide for training, professional development, teaching standards, certification or endorsements for…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, English Language Learners, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Villegas, Leslie; Garcia, Amaya – New America, 2021
English learners (ELs) represent a growing share of the student population in the United States, yet are often sidelined in federal education policy discussions. At present, an uneven approach has yielded sharp differences in ELs' educational experiences, with some states prioritizing bilingual education models and others emphasizing…
Descriptors: Public Policy, Educational Policy, English Language Learners, State Policy
Liu, Kristin K.; Wolforth, Sara; Thurlow, Martha L.; Jacques, Catherine; Lazarus, Sheryl S.; August, Diane – National Center on Educational Outcomes, 2021
Determining whether an English learner with significant cognitive disabilities should participate in an alternate English language proficiency (alt-ELP) assessment is a challenge for Individualized Education Program teams. Although some states provide guidelines for making the decision, many do not. The purpose of this resource is to provide…
Descriptors: English Language Learners, Intellectual Disability, Language Tests, Language Proficiency
Clemence Darriet; Lucrecia Santibanez – Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University, 2023
Purpose: Bilingual programs in the United States, particularly two-way dual language immersion (TWDL) programs, have been implemented since the 1960s to support the education of English Learner-classified (EL-classified) and language minoritized students. Over the past decade, TWDL programs have grown significantly across the United States. This…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education Programs, Housing, Community Change, Neighborhoods
Valdés, Guadalupe – Intercultural Education, 2020
This article maintains that in spite of their seeming progress, Mexican-origin students in the US continue to face barriers that are typical of the complex challenges endured in public schools by minoritized and racialised peoples in the American context. It begins with a brief overview of the current-day demographics of the Mexican-origin…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Mexican Americans, Barriers, Immigration
Fránquiz, María E. – Bilingual Research Journal, 2018
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), signed in 1965, was a pivotal civil rights law to address the dream of equitable education for all children on the mainland and in U.S. territories. The ESEA was followed by the Bilingual Education Act (BEA), signed by President Johnson in 1968. The BEA specifically addressed the necessities of…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Bilingual Education, Educational Legislation, Second Language Learning
New Mexico Public Education Department, 2020
The Language and Culture Division (LCD) provides accountability with support to districts that serve students participating in Bilingual Multicultural Education Programs (BMEPs) so that all participating students achieve the program goals as outlined by New Mexico statute and administrative code, these are: (1) students become bilingual and…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Multicultural Education, Accountability, Bilingual Students
Dixon, Kathryn – AERA Online Paper Repository, 2016
Language education policy has been a controversial and ongoing issue throughout the U.S., particularly in the state of Texas. This paper reports on a frame analysis of the five bills that amended the Texas Education Code to implement or expand bilingual education and English as a second language programs. Analysis focused on problems and solutions…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Educational Policy, English Only Movement, English (Second Language)
Parsi, Ace – National Association of State Boards of Education, 2016
Representing an estimated 4.4 million students in the United States, English language learners (ELLs) are the fastest growing segment of the public school population and yet are twice as likely to drop out of high school and significantly less likely to attend and complete postsecondary education. The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) includes…
Descriptors: English Language Learners, Federal Legislation, Educational Legislation, Language Proficiency
Office of English Language Acquisition, US Department of Education, 2016
According to the "Elementary and Secondary Education Act" (ESEA) section 9101(25), an EL (or "limited English proficient" child, per the ESEA) is "an individual (A) who is aged 3 through 21; (B) who is enrolled or preparing to enroll in an elementary school or secondary school; (C)(i) who was not born in the United States…
Descriptors: Limited English Speaking, Elementary School Students, Secondary School Students, English (Second Language)
Linquanti, Robert; Cook, H. Gary – Council of Chief State School Officers, 2013
The U.S. Department of Education (USED) requires states participating in either of the two Race to the Top assessment consortia (Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium and Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers [PARCC]), as well as those participating in either of the two Enhanced Assessment Grant (EAG) English language…
Descriptors: Student Evaluation, Second Language Learning, Language Proficiency, Politics of Education
Thomas, Beth A. – Arts Education Policy Review, 2017
In 1968 the Bilingual Education Act marked the first comprehensive federal intervention in the schooling of language minoritized students by creating financial incentives for bilingual education in an effort to address social and educational inequities created by poverty and linguistic isolation in schools. Since that time federal education…
Descriptors: Language Attitudes, Student Attitudes, Visual Arts, Bilingualism
Hopkins, Megan; Thompson, Karen D.; Linquanti, Robert; Hakuta, Kenji; August, Diane – Educational Researcher, 2013
This article presents a set of recommendations that promote a more nuanced, meaningful accountability policy for English learners in the next authorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. The authors argue that the ESEA reauthorization must strengthen the law's capacity-building purpose so that federal, state, and local leaders…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Language Proficiency, Elementary Secondary Education
Harris, Douglas N.; Ladd, Helen F.; Smith, Marshall S.; West, Martin R. – Brookings Institution, 2016
The federal government's role in PreK-12 education has long been contentious and continues to evolve. Many have written about education governance, but few have attempted to define an appropriate role for the federal government. That is the core purpose of this essay. The authors articulate a set of principles to guide the federal role in…
Descriptors: Federal Government, Government Role, Preschool Education, Elementary Secondary Education
National Comprehensive Center for Teacher Quality, 2012
In response to federal initiatives such as Race to the Top (RTTT), Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) flexibility waiver requests, and the Teacher Incentive Fund competition, states have made dramatic changes in their policies related to teacher evaluation during the past three years. Historically, teacher evaluation systems have been…
Descriptors: Teacher Effectiveness, English (Second Language), Feedback (Response), Second Language Learning