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"Is Raining Very Hard in Puerto Rico": If Communication Transpires with the Syntactic Parameter, Why Change It to Another?

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Lori Le Duc Slaybaugh – ProQuest LLC, 2023

The Null Subject Parameter (NSP) has long been considered pertinent to Second Language Acquisition (SLA) studies, especially when the native language (NL) and target language (TL) have different NSP settings. The study aimed to investigate whether seventy English L2 learners in Puerto Rico who were native Spanish speakers transferred their L1…

Descriptors: Native Language, English (Second Language), English Language Learners, Second Language Learning

Motivation and Reading in High-Immersion Virtual Reality

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Kaplan-Rakowski, Regina; Gruber, Alice – Research-publishing.net, 2022

Many language learners lack the motivation to read complex texts. Because high-immersion Virtual Reality (VR) is increasingly reported to be highly motivating, the goal of our study was to compare English as a Second Language (ESL) learners' (N=79) motivation while reading a story with subtitles in VR (experimental group) versus reading the same…

Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Reading Motivation, Immersion Programs, Computer Simulation