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Direct linkDurrant, Philip; Schmitt, Norbert – Second Language Research, 2010
Formulaic language is widely recognized to be of central importance to fluent and idiomatic language use. However, the mechanics of how formulaic language is acquired are not well understood. Some researchers (e.g. Nick Ellis) believe that the chunking inherent in formulaic language drives the language learning process. Others (e.g. Wray) claim…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Adult Learning, Adults, Learning Processes
Schmitt, Norbert; Ng, Janice Wun Ching; Garras, John – Language Testing, 2011
Although the Word Associates Format (WAF) is becoming more frequently used as a depth-of-knowledge measure, relatively little validation has been carried out on it. This report of two validation studies tackles various important WAF issues yet to be satisfactorily resolved. Study 1 conducted introspective interviews regarding students' WAF…
Descriptors: Scoring, Vocabulary Development, Associative Learning, Validity
Peer reviewedSchmitt, Norbert – Language Testing, 1999
One way of determining construct validity of vocabulary items in language tests is to interview subjects directly after taking the items to ascertain what is known about the target words in question. This approach was combined within the framework of lexical competency in a study of the behavior of lexical items on the Test of English as a Foreign…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Construct Validity, English (Second Language), Foreign Countries
