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Direct linkLing, Guangming – Language Assessment Quarterly, 2017
To investigate whether the type of keyboard used in exams introduces any construct-irrelevant variance to the TOEFL iBT Writing scores, we surveyed 17,040 TOEFL iBT examinees from 24 countries on their keyboard-related perceptions and preferences and analyzed the survey responses together with their test scores. Results suggest that controlling…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Writing Tests
Ling, Guangming; Mollaun, Pamela; Xi, Xiaoming – Language Testing, 2014
The scoring of constructed responses may introduce construct-irrelevant factors to a test score and affect its validity and fairness. Fatigue is one of the factors that could negatively affect human performance in general, yet little is known about its effects on a human rater's scoring quality on constructed responses. In this study, we compared…
Descriptors: Evaluators, Fatigue (Biology), Scoring, Performance
Download full textLing, Guangming; Powers, Donald E.; Adler, Rachel M. – ETS Research Report Series, 2014
One fundamental way to determine the validity of standardized English-language test scores is to investigate the extent to which they reflect anticipated learning effects in different English-language programs. In this study, we investigated the extent to which the "TOEFL iBT"® practice test reflects the learning effects of students at…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Second Language Learning, English (Second Language), Computer Assisted Testing
