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Lee, Tim S. O.; Gardner, David; Lau, Ken – Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 2020
Previous studies have associated L2 teachers' use of motivational strategies with learners' motivated behaviours in class such as raised attention and participation. The after-class effects of L2 motivational strategies, in contrast, have drawn less attention. This paper reports a study examining how L2 teachers' motivational interventions cause…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language), Learning Motivation
Gardner, David; Yung, Kevin W. H. – Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 2017
This paper reports on the findings of a study looking at students' motivation to engage in self-access language learning (SALL) while taking an English for Academic Purposes course which contains a substantial integrated SALL component. To-date there has been limited research into the motivation of such students but it is an important area of…
Descriptors: Learning Motivation, Independent Study, Questionnaires, Surveys
Gardner, David; Miller, Lindsay – System: An International Journal of Educational Technology and Applied Linguistics, 2011
This paper is based on a research project looking at the management of self-access language learning (SALL) from the perspective of the managers of self-access centres. It looks at the factors which influence the practice of seven managers of self-access language learning in tertiary institutions in Hong Kong. The discussion centres around five…
Descriptors: Personal Autonomy, Foreign Countries, Independent Study, Second Language Learning

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