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Investigating the Contribution of L1 Fluency, L2 Initial Fluency, Working Memory and Phonological Memory to L2 Fluency Development

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Nancy Gagné; Leif M. French; Kirsten M. Hummel – Language Teaching Research, 2025

Within the same learning context, learners' outcomes in terms of oral fluency vary greatly. This study tracked the relative contributions that first language (L1) and initial second language (L2) fluency skill and working memory (WM) made to L2 fluency development. We assessed the performance of French-speaking Grade 6 learners' (n = 47, mean age:…

Descriptors: Language Fluency, Short Term Memory, Native Language, Second Language Learning

The Effect of Dynamic Assessment on Adult Learners of Arabic: A Mixed-Method Study at the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center

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Fahmy, Mohsen M. – ProQuest LLC, 2013

Dynamic assessment (DA) is based on Vygotsky's (1978) sociocultural theory and his Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). ZPD is the range of abilities bordered by the learner's assisted and independent performances. Previous studies showed promising results for DA in tutoring settings. However, they did not use proficiency-based rubrics to measure…

Descriptors: Semitic Languages, Adult Students, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction

Impact of the Proficiency Scale and the Oral Proficiency Interview on the Foreign Language Program at the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center

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Herzog, Martha – Foreign Language Annals, 2003

The ACTFL oral proficiency interview (OPI) and the Interagency Language Roundtable (ILR) scale provide both a testing method and a set of rating factors for evaluating proficiency. Both are closely related to actual language tasks identified as critical for government employees. Over time, the scale has been expanded to include four skills, a…

Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Government Employees, Testing, Measures (Individuals)