Communication strategies (CSs) have been generally viewed as ways in which learners may circumvent, and ideally overcome, communicative difficulties. However, over 40 years of research in this area has been largely confined to theory and experimental studies, and it is not clear to what extent CS research has filtered into contemporary second…

The topic of learning strategies has often been researched in the contexts of second language acquisition and language pedagogy. New developments in these fields and change in the characteristics and needs of new learner populations in different contexts call for additional research in this area which is characterized by change and variability.…

Many studies have examined the factors that influence second language interaction, such as task type and communication mode, i.e., face-to-face and computer-mediated communication through online mode. However, there is a paucity of research that has investigated the effects of task type on negotiation of meaning (NoM), a specific type of…

The present study investigates the use of generative strategies and their effect on second language (L2) vocabulary retention and learner confidence in vocabulary knowledge over time. Generative strategies (or generation) are one in a group of learning methods known as desirable difficulties -- strategies that improve long-term learning by adding…

In recent years, there has been a growing shift in education towards learning that extends beyond traditional classroom settings. With the rise of digital technologies and the prevalence of self-directed learning environments, teachers are increasingly interested in how students take control of their learning. As traditional classroom structures…

While promotion of self-regulated learning (SRL) as an important educational innovation has elicited much interest in recent years, SRL researchers have paid relatively little attention to issues concerning the competence required for teachers to create self-regulated learning environments in the second language classroom particularly in the…

Approaches to learning a second/foreign language can be affected by such individual differences as personality traits, motivational variables, and task difficulty. Personality traits have been proven to influence academic achievement, but their effects on motivation and language learning approaches remain unanswered. The first purpose of the study…

This study examined the effects of bottom-up instruction (BI) on a high-stakes listening test for second language (L2) listeners and compared these effects with those of strategy instruction (SI) in relation to their proficiency levels. Two intact classes (48 L2 listeners) of different L2 listening proficiency levels received five weeks of BI and…

This article reports findings from a larger research project which aimed to promote learner autonomy among Thai secondary school learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) through strategy-based instruction (SBI). The study involved 30 learners from an intervention class and 32 learners from a comparison class. Nine strategies were introduced…

This article investigates the impact of three factors on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' language learning practices in China. Utilizing the Methodology Stock for Language Learning (Ledge), Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), the study collected data to analyse…

This qualitative study explores the experiences of 22 Grade 11 students, aged 17-18, studying science subjects at highly selective English medium instruction (EMI) schools. The study is guided by Dörnyei's L2 Motivational Self System (namely, the ideal/ought-to L2 self concepts) and Hajar's (2019) distinction between compulsory and voluntary…

The online flipped classroom model (OFC) is increasingly being adopted in higher education. However, little is known about the effect of OFC on students' self-regulated learning (SRL). The current study explored the students' SRL strategy in the OFC. A quantitative method with multiple linear regression analysis based on online survey data was…

In the current contexts of Vietnam, college students are taking entirely or partially online courses due to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, students should develop and optimally employ self-regulated learning strategies for effective learning outcomes. Research also indicates that self-regulation among students is linked to the 21st…

This study aims to define the motivational and attitudinal features of EFL learners at the outset of the preparatory program from the Socio-Educational Model perspective. Research was conducted via exploratory mixed methods design. First, the quantitative data of the study were obtained via a questionnaire in Turkish, including 19 five-point…

This research investigated the effect of three definitional, sentential, and textual vocabulary learning strategies on Iranian intermediate EFL learners' vocabulary learning and retention. Based on Oxford Solutions Placement Test, of 94 total population, 66 Iranian EFL learners were selected as homogeneous participants at the intermediate level…